A Formal Analysis of Lindts Advertisement - 683 Words

A Formal Analysis of Lindts Advertisement This is an advertisement of a renowned Swiss chocolate company, Lindt. What is being advertised is the companys well-known product, Lindor. It is a chocolate truffle with a hard chocolate shell and a smooth chocolate filling. The ad is composed of several objects: In the foreground of the image, a chocolate truffle with chocolate filling pouring into it is placed on a marble table; in the background, a chocolate maker with only his half face shown is gazing at the truffle. A sentence CREATING THE PERFECT GIFT IS A gift IN INSELF. and a box of Lindor can be seen at the bottom of the advertisement. In this image, different outlines are used to show various shapes of objects. For†¦show more content†¦Firstly, the chocolate truffle is obviously the protagonist in this ad since it is large. It incorporates more than one-fourth of the image. The chocolate filling is being poured into the chocolate shell and a swirl is made. The light and value on the truffle and the filling c reate a smooth, rich texture for the chocolate, suggesting that this is a delectable chocolate and tempting viewers to taste it. Secondly, the chocolate maker is intently looking at the chocolate truffle. His affirmative and serious expression implies that the production process of Lindor is exquisite, delicate and accurate as their chocolate makers make chocolate whole-heartedly. Therefore their chocolate must be of the highest quality. What is more, a further emphasis is put on the chocolate truffle as the chocolate makers eyes lead viewers to focus on it again. Thirdly, the image advertises Lindor as a luxurious chocolate by using grand objects. For instance, the marble table, the golden logo Lindt on the hat of the chocolate maker, and the elegant package of the box of Lindor. All these would give the viewers a feeling of wealth and high-status, which lure them to possess the product. Fourthly, the text CREATING THE PERFECT GIFT IS A gift IN INSELF. has two meanings. It stresses that Lindor is the best option while you need to choose a gift for others. Besides, Lindor is actually a perfect gift given to all people by Lindts sincere

Juvenile Delinquency A Serious Concern For Many Law...

Youth gang members are a serious concern for many law enforcement agencies. Gangs can be defined as a group of individuals who meet on a routinely basis, whom have an identifiable and organized leadership, whom claim control of specific territories, and whom are often involved in violence or other illegal activities (Miller, 1975). Juveniles are the perfect targets to be recruited by gangs according to the National Gang Intelligence Center (2011). This is due to a variety of factors, many of which include the youths’ vulnerability and susceptibility to being recruited, their aggressiveness, and the less severe sentences juveniles are likely to face if caught. Understanding youth gang involvement is especially important in the field of juvenile delinquency because a significant percentage of serious juvenile delinquency is committed by gang members. On average, approximately 48% of violent crimes in most jurisdictions were committed by gang members, and some jurisdictions saw gangs being responsible for as much as 90% of violent crimes (National Gang Intelligence Center, 2011). Besides increasing the likelihood of delinquency, youth gang membership also increases the likelihood of victimization for juveniles (Franzese, Covey, Menard, 2016). New male members are traditionally â€Å"jumped in,† and females have been victims of rape in order to be accepted. Franzese and colleagues. (2016) suggest, however, that many gangs have adopted more informal methods to introduceShow MoreRelatedStatus Offenders, Dependent and Neglected Youths, and Juvenile Victimizations1872 Words   |  7 PagesStatus Offenders, Dependent and Neglected Youths, and Juvenile Victimizations: As they come into contact with the juvenile justice system different, delinquent youths are treated differently in this system. Notably, the jurisdiction of this system and its courts also extends to non-delinquent youths like dependent and neglected youths, and status offenders. However, non-delinquents are not only viewed differently but they are also treated separately from delinquents. In most cases, non-delinquentsRead MoreUnique Juvenile Situations Faced by Correctional Officers1315 Words   |  6 PagesRUNNING HEAD: UNIQUE SITUATIONS WHEN DEALING WITH JUVENILES Unique Situations When Dealing With Juveniles Corrections Professor Sunshine Richards Juvenile crime rates have been a main concern for law enforcement officials throughout the past several decades. â€Å"Over the past several decades, the number of juvenile arrests have been relatively stable except for increases in juvenile violent crime, as murder arrests for juvenile offenders increased by 93 percent during the 1980s and arrestsRead MoreThe Legal System Of School1438 Words   |  6 Pagesseventeenth and eighteenth century, multiple developments that occurred in England aided in the advancements and recognition of children’s rights. Over time, these advancements affected the juvenile legal system as it emerged in America. These changes include changes in family style and child care, the English Poor Laws, the apprenticeship movement, and the role of the chancery court. (Siegel and Welsh) Changes in family structure made a huge difference with children’s rights. Marriage became based onRead MoreJuvenile Justice And The Juvenile System4789 Words   |  20 PagesJuvenile Justice Consultant When thinking of reforming the juvenile justice system one has to think; what can we do to make this better for everyone involve? There are some programs that can be implemented when trying to make a change in the juvenile system. The main thing is getting parents or the guardian more involved in the child’s whereabouts. Secondly the community where the youth will have a place to go and have something more constructive to do to keep them out of trouble. 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Discipline was severe, young children both poor and wealthy were subjected to strict rules and regulations and often beaten if disobedient. Children took on theRead MoreEssay on American Juvenile Justice System2008 Words   |  9 PagesThe American criminal justice system is comprised of criminal courts, correctional facilities, and law enforcement officials. Each of these components also make up the juvenile justice system but the operations of each differs with juveniles than with adults who are suspected of committing criminal acts. A juvenile offender is an individual under a certain age who is suspected of having committed a crime or a status offense. A status offense is an offense that if committed by an adult, wouldRead MoreEssay on Kentucky Department of Juvenile Justice1997 Words   |  8 PagesOffice of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention found that high numbers of detention orders were being issued for status youth statewide. The main issue of concern was the valid court order exception to the DSO core requirement was used 2,000 times. This allowed judges to order non-delinquent youth in locked detention facility whose most serious violations involved repeat offenses of running away, skipping school or being rebelling against authority figures. The disturbing thing about thisRead MoreCrime and Curfew Laws3514 Words   |  15 Pages Perception of Selected Teenagers and their Parents Regarding the Juvenile curfew in Naga City, Camarines Sur (A Research Proposal) In partial fulfillment of the requirements in Research Methodology Table of Contents I. Rationale and Background of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......... 1 I.1 Statement of the Problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 I.2 Null Hypothesis/Assumption†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.... 2 I.3 Theoretical and Conceptual Framework Theoretical†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 I.4 SignificanceRead MoreRate of Juvenile Offenses and the Juvenile Justice System2066 Words   |  9 Pagesmatter. Since the juvenile court’s introduction in 1899, there have been arguments over whether or not the court is productive in treating juveniles. Brazill’s case illustrates the view that the juvenile court is not effective, or is not sufficient to deal with situations as grave as Brazill’s. This is apparent in the detail that he was taken to adult court as a 13-year-old as are against to being tried in juvenile court. The recent move in the direction of trying more juveniles as adults is a

LIBOR Rate Manipulation Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the LIBOR Rate Manipulation In US. Answer: Introduction Barclays plc was accused of setting the interest rate of the Libor in the US, which was higher than the other panel banks. It was against the ethical leadership to use the power to create imbalance in the financial markets. The company was charged with fines from the UK regulators and even from the US Department of Justice (Treanor, 2016). Voidance of Business Principles Financial services authority (FSA) is a key regulator of Barclays that observes the LIBOR rate manipulation. The company took this step to hide its borrowing costs from the outside market for the benefit of derivative traders and to avoid inquiry from market. Barclays lacked control and risk management to hide the fake submission of LIBOR rate. FSA did not take any disciplinary action at the initial stage but later on posed hefty amount as fines on the company after seeing that they were not conducting their business operations diligently for a certain span of time (Rose Sesia, 2014, p. 7). Moreover, Barclays infringed the Commodity Exchange Act but cooperated with FSA in the case investigation. LIBOR Rate Manipulation Manipulation of the LIBOR rates was not only the reflection of the company decision but derivative traders with short term maturities from London and New York repeatedly demanded it. Derivative traders used to demand frequent rate changes to the money market desk for their personal gain (Rose Sesia, 2014, p. 8). Fixed and floating interest rate swap affects the floating player with higher and lower payment with the consecutive changes in the LIBOR rates in over the counter (OTC) trading. Other banks were also pressurized to adjust their rate with the Barclays manipulated rate. Barclays never told the derivative traders that they were asking for unethical manipulation and passed the requests to the money market desk. Financial Crisis due to high and low bid dilemma Granting unlimited requests from the short term traders and the implementation of demands risked the security of other entities essentially as investment firms, governments, corporations, and households were linked to Barclays plc. The benefits are not equal due to the change in LIBOR interest rates. Barclays consulted FSA after they were exposed to media speculations regarding financial standards, which started an internal conflict with the senior and junior authorities resulting in higher LIBOR rates. The steady rise of LIBOR rates surpasses rest of the panel banks asserting financial crisis. The US faced crisis in money market and hence resulted in stagnation of all the fund holdings and the credit markets and it heavily impacted the UK money markets as well (Rose Sesia, 2014, p. 10). Causes and effects Robert Diamond is designated as the CEO of Barclays plc to take account of foreign exchange business and debt markets. He didnt take any strict action to stop the traders manipulation over money market desk that voids the business principles. It further depicts leadership faults resulting in an organizations unethical framework (Brown Trevino, 2006, p. 602). Barclays way of serving derivative traders was unethical in terms of serving only their short term results (Mele et.al., 2107, p. 3). The company further lacked to think about the difference in profit making for their varied businesses. It created losses in lowering the LIBOR rate for some firms and reverses the result as it took the higher bid. The nature of short term incentive is provocative for the derivative traders. Barclays acted to lower the LIBOR rate to cater one genre of investors, thereby making them uncertain in money market. They tried to skip the media controversy for the unethical financial outlook and led to the disastrous financial crisis over the US and the UK money market (Roulet, 2015, p.10). Conclusion and Recommendations LIBOR is a global benchmark associated with rate-setting process and inter-bank lending. LIBOR rates should be transparent in accordance with the market data. LIBOR authority should direct the banks through a proper code. The case of Barclays thus illustrated the lack of company ethics and transparency with respect to disreputable leadership resulting in nationwide financial crisis. References Brown, M. E. Trevino, L. K. (2006). Ethical leadership: A review and future directions. The Leadership Quarterly, 17, 595-616. Mele, D., Rosanas, J. M. Fontrodana, J. (2017). Ethics in finance and accounting: Editorial introduction. J Bus Ethics, 140, 609-613. Rose, C. S. Sesia, A. (2014). Barclays and the LIBOR scandal. Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing. Roulet, T. (2015). What good is Wall Street? Institutional contradiction and the diffusion of the stigma over the finance industry. J Bus Ethics, 130, 389-402. Treanor, J. (2016). Barclays bank reaches $100m US settlement over Libor rigging scandal. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/aug/08/barclays-libor-100m-us-settlement

Utopian Communities Essay Example For Students

Utopian Communities Essay The word utopia, in its simplest form means a perfect world. In other words it is a society in which man has reached such perfection that he is able to build a social system based on justice, reason and unity. Since the beginning of history, people have dreamed of creating utopian societies and many are still trying. In the history of Utopian Communities, three of the most known utopian communities are the Shakers, Brook Farm, and New Harmony. One of the most well known utopian communities is the Shakers (The United Society of Believers). The community was organized by Ann Lee and founded in 1772. Ann Lee and others founded this community because they were so unhappy with the beliefs and values of those around them. The ever-growing complexity of society was not close to perfection for Ann Lee and others, provoking them to begin this community. The best-known Shaker beliefs are an emphasis on celibacy, and simplicity in their daily lives. These beliefs were key to the Shaker theology and lifestyle in the sense that they were seen as vital to the building of a truly selfless and spiritual community (Horgan 1982; Humez 1993; Robinson 1975). The Shakers practiced a religion that was also a lifestyle. The members lived in gender segregated, dormitory-like housing, but came together to work, and pray. The Shakers are Americas oldest and most successful experiment in communal living. A century ago, nearly 6,000 Shaker brothers and sisters lived together in nineteen communities scattered from Maine to Kentucky. Soon thereafter, with the decline in attraction and societys inability to be celibate, it became difficult to create a new generation of believers. The communities steadily declined and disbanded. Another community known as Brook Farm also desired a better way of life than the complex government and growing diversity around them. Brook Farm was designed to be a place where those with similar beliefs could succeed. Some say Brook Farm was, the best-known utopian experimental community in America, was founded by George and Sophia Ripley in the spring of 1841. The master plan was to create a place where thought would preside over the operations of labor, and labor would contribute to the expansion of thought. to insure a more natural union between intellectual and manual labor than now exists, to combine the thinker and the worker as far as possible in the same individual . . . (George Ripley). We will write a custom essay on Utopian Communities specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Membership in the community was granted by the vote of established members after the purchase of shares. In return, individuals received free tuition in the communitys school or five percent annual interest and one years board in return for 300 days of labor. The work of members was centered around the six major activities of teaching, farming, working in the manufacturing shops, domestic endeavors, work on the buildings and grounds, and the planning of cooperative recreation projects. Social activities included picnics, lectures, boating parties, music, and dancing. Throughout 1842 and 1843, the community prospered and in one year was visited by as many as 4,000 guests, many simply curious Boston residents. Due to financial struggles, the community broke apart in 1847. New Harmony in Indiana is a community that began almost two hundred years ahead of its time. New Harmony was first a sanctuary for a spiritual utopia, yet later became a haven for international scientists, scholars and educators who desired equality in communal living. It was originally created for a place to have social justice, spiritual union of believers, which the founder Owens could not achieve in society. He desired to spread their beliefs and way of life to other believers and, eventually, non-believers in order to establish a peaceful world. .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 , .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 .postImageUrl , .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 , .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878:hover , .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878:visited , .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878:active { border:0!important; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878:active , .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Seattles Suburbs History. EssayThe beliefs were strong and the community desired as many members as possible to make people with similar beliefs have their own perfect place. They believed that the established church was corrupt and that man should communicate directly with God. They believed that the Harmony, which they were effecting in all worldly and spiritual affairs would help usher in the millennium. The Harmonists gradually adopted celibacy. Many of the Harmonists were married, but lived a chaste life. The community also believed in imitating the lifestyle of the first Christians as related in Acts 2:44-45 and 4:32. Harmonists also embraced the policy of complete a bsence of violence and maintaining universal peace which they hoped would spread from their community. Although the community started with a different purpose than what became, the community had a relative amount of success. They provide some reasonsReasons for the success of the Society: ? Excellent and inspired spiritual and economic leaders. ? A faithful, obedient, well-trained, and hard-working group of followers. ? A homogeneous group consisting mostly of families which had undergone the same religious experience. ? A common goal and incentive which was kept fresh by moving the group and building a new town three times. Hopefully one day society will be so beneficial to everyone that people will not feel the desire to go off and create there own communities. Do these communities even work? Between Shakers, Brook Farm, and New Harmony, two failed due to lack of interest and financial strain, and one succeeded, but with results different from the original ideas. It is apparent that the success of a utopian community is extremely difficult to accomplish. Bibliography:

Angelas Ashes Essays (618 words) - Limerick, Angelas Ashes

Angela's Ashes Angela's Ashes is a moving book full of poverty, suffering, and death that shows that no matter how difficult things seem, the hard tines can always be overcome. Angela and Malachy McCourt, both Irish, were married in America after a passionate night together that ended up producing their first son, Francis (or Frank as introduced to the reader). Later, the couple had another son, twins, and a daughter while living in a small apartment in New York. Margaret soon died and the family moved to Ireland where their lives were only worsened. Angela had two more children that lived, but the young twins died. Malachy was an alcoholic who rarely held a job and spent his wages at the pub instead of on his family. They were forced to beg for food and other necessities because relatives were cruel and selfish. This novel tells the tell of young Frank having to endure extreme poverty, starvation, and a broken family with strength and courage. He eventually raises enough money to go to America and break free from his depressing childhood. In my opinion, the theme of this book is that no matter how bad things seem to be, anyone can survive and become successful through perseverance and determination. For example, Frank grew up in just about the worst environment possible but was determined enough to get himself to America and eventually become the author of a Pulitzer Prize winning novel! Frank achieved his goals by taking any extra jobs that he could find and saving every penny possible until he could finally afford his passage to America. Because his father never brought home any money, Frank supported the family with what little wages he earned at his job and was determined to make a good life for himself, his brothers, and his poor mother. Frank learned to depend upon no one but himself and his determination to succeed won him a new life in America where he now lives happily married. I noticed numerous literary devices present throughout the book. One such device is the use of apostrophe. Apostrophe is used continuously when Frank speaks to the angel on the seventh step and also when he and his parents speak to the dead children such as Eugene, Oliver, and Margaret. The story is told from the point of view of Frank as he grows from a young boy of about three or four to a young man at nineteen. This point of view is especially effective because it shows how he feels about his experiences as he ages and how he felt at that exact time. His views change as he grows and his naivete vanishes. He becomes a stronger, smarter person with the reader following along. I also noticed frequent use of imagery. Frank describes his eyes when they are infected with "red and yellow oozing" out of them. Vivid images are also used to describe the putrid smells in their house next to the lavatory that was used by the entire street to empty their chamber pots. McCourt also chooses to write very often in the diction of the old Irish language. This word choice adds to the mood of the book and attempts to bring the reader into Ireland. The book is also packed with humor. For instance, when the boys were playing outside, McCourt said that the women stand because "all they do is take care of the children, clean the house, and cook" but the men sit because the spend their time "discussing the problems of the world and wondering what to do with the rest of the day"(107). This is a humorous, almost satirical look at the traditional male-female roles in a family. Humor is also used while Frank waits for the angel on the seventh step and his naivete as a young boy. McCourt's novel is filled with wonderful, descriptive images that help to shape his fascinating tale from poverty to success.

Free Essays on Review Of Madame Bovary

, appearance, and fantasies are those of an innocent and beautiful wife, her sprit becomes foul and cor... Free Essays on Review Of Madame Bovary Free Essays on Review Of Madame Bovary There are many different stylistic elements used throughout the novel Madame Bovary written by Gustave Flaubert. Flaubert uses techniques such as detailed descriptions, symbolism, and others. These techniques are important in analyzing the novel of Madame Bovary as a whole and in understanding the several themes and motifs. In the analytical essay â€Å"A Pox on Love: Diagnosing Madame Bovary’s Blind Beggar,† author Mary Donaldson-Evans explores the relationship between Gustave Flaubert’s â€Å"preoccupation with language and penchant for the medical metaphor†(3). In particular, she investigates Fluebert’s most perplexing allegorical character, the blind beggar. Within her essay Evans proposes to substantiate the beggar’s role by â€Å"pinpoint[ing] the beggar’s position [with]in the complex network of relationships connecting the characters†(4). Evans’ review of the beggar’s emblematic significance to the story’s characters and themes gives a more in-depth revelation of Emma’s tragedy. Through her analysis of the biographical and historical data of France during the 18th century, diagnosis of the beggar’s illness, and illumination of his relation to Flaubert’s linguistic project, Evans presents a unique perspective on Flaubert’s writing style, and stances on the various political, social, and religious values of France during the 19th century. For Evans, the blind beggar represents a picture of physical decay. He is also the deformed, repulsive creature who, throughout the book, symbolizes Emma’s moral corruption. He sings songs about â€Å"birds and sunshine and green leaves† in a voice â€Å"like inarticulate lament of some vague despair†(Flaubert 76). This coupling of innocence with disease relates to the combination of beauty and corruption that Emma herself has become. While her words, appearance, and fantasies are those of an innocent and beautiful wife, her sprit becomes foul and cor...

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT - Essay Example Customers were able to ask for technical help – online – anytime, a fact, which has been an important criterion for the improvement of the firm’s image in the market (Simchi-Levi, David, Kaminsky, Philip, Simchi-Levi, Edith, 2003). At the same time, the specific system supported the increase of the company’s profits; since the orders of customers could be processed quite rapidly the level of the company’s sales has been significantly increased, a fact which is reflected in the firm’s financial statements in the years that followed the establishment of the Networked Supply Chain strategy. Indeed, in 1995, i.e. before the introduction of the particular strategy, the firm’s profits were estimated to $2 billion. In 1998, i.e. in just three years from the above system’s implementation, the firm’s profits reached the $9 billion, which is a significant increase. Apart from the financial benefits of the particular framework, its ability to create a dynamic relationship between customers and suppliers should be also highlighted. More specifically, through the particular system, suppliers were notified of each new order, a fact that allowed the suppliers to start building the product ordered immediately after the order was placed. In this way, the delivery of the order to the customer on time, one of the firm’s main targets, was ensured. In addition, customers could choose the exact form/ material of their product; also, they could monitor the progress of their order at any time. The products ordered through the particular scheme were of high quality, having been chosen by the customers and be available for testing online. The ‘direct fulfillment’ scheme that the company used, focusing on the issues discussed above, led to the limitation of the operational costs of the organization at about ‘$12 million annually’ (page 2, case study). In other words, the firm’s Networke d Strategy offered the chance for improving the quality of customer service, for reducing the time for handling orders and for controlling the organizational costs. Despite its benefits, as analyzed above, the Networked Strategy of Cisco had also a series of problems to face. At a first level, the forecast of demand was not always easy – referring to the firm’s partners. Because of the lack of effective communication between the firm’s suppliers and manufacturers, the process and the delivery of orders often had to face significant delays. Networking offered the chance for direct control over existing orders, but because of the system’s inefficiency this control often required a lot of time – at least much more time than that estimated from the system’s developers. In this context, the time between the delivery of the order and its payment was significant, leading to the delay in paying suppliers. Due to this problem, the response of supplie rs to the orders of the firm’s customers became problematic. In this context, in 2000 the firm had to face the following problem: the shortage many of the components used for the manufacturing of its products (case study, p.3). As a result, the time required for the delivery of ordered products was increased. Delays that reached the 15 days became a common phenomenon. The specific fact severely affected the firm’s image, a firm which was known for the high level of its customer

Human Resource Management in Appar8us Case Study

Human Resource Management in Appar8us - Case Study Example The human resources manager wants to integrate the human resources policies and practice around the number of subsidiaries in different countries in order to achieve the corporate objective. Moreover IHRM consists of many functions, it is heterogeneous, involves constantly changing perspective, it requires more involvement in employee's personal lives and is also influenced by external sources. The International HR manager have to deal with the issue of international taxation, administrative services for expatriate's i.e. to have Selecting, training and appraising local and international employees. The HQ based HR manager deals with employees that have different cultural background. "The HQ manager must coordinate policies and procedures to manage expatriates from the firm's home country (parent country nationals, PNCs), host-country nationals (HCNs), as well as third country nationals (TCNs, e.g. a French manager working for an American MNC in the firm's Nigerian subsidiary) in subs idiaries around the world." (Manage Wise: International Human Resource Management). "The IHRM developed by Taylor and Beechler and Napier who argues that multinational competitive position is shaped by the organizational competencies that it possesses and how the firm transfers these across the nation." (Almond & Ferner 2006, P.225). The main purpose of IHRM is to have efficiency, locally responsive, being capable to transfer knowledge and learning across globally. The Appar8us is having a high control over subsidiaries having thorough use of expatriate manager in technical and managerial area of the business. A strong Appar8us culture is reinforced by regular staff bulletins and local company magazines in the language of the subsidiary company country. The Perlmutter's EPG model says that senior management of an international organization want to hold three primary functions such as Ethnocentric, Polycentric, Geocentric in building and expanding multinational capabilities. "Organizations are building IHRM functions that are shifting from the management of expatriation towards supplementary services to the business aimed at facilitating the globalisation process, and this involves capitalising upon the fragmentation of international employees." (Sparrow 2006). 2 Appar8us have strong control over the subsidiaries by way of expatriate manager in area of both technical and managerial area of business. The manger's opinion is to keep the union influence as little as possible .Also the company has introduced various schemes available for all

In the practicalities of arranging a syndicated loan a lead bank has Essay

In the practicalities of arranging a syndicated loan a lead bank has clear functions but its legal position and responsibilities are both potentially very ambiguous Discuss - Essay Example It follows from this that the legal responsibilities of the lead bank is very important as it represents an important link between the syndicate and their individual relationships with the borrower.2 Even so, the lead bank’s legal position is ambiguous since it coordinates what can amount to conflicting obligations between the syndicate and the borrower. This paper examines the legal position and the responsibilities of the lead bank in arranging a syndicated loan and explains how both can be ambiguous. A syndicated loan is a multi-bank financing mechanism where a number of banks conjoin to advance a loan to a borrower based on a â€Å"single loan agreement.3 The legal complexity of this arrangement is explained by Mugasha as follows: â€Å"...the agreement is executed by more than one bank and there is privity of contract between the borrower and each of the banks. Legally, each of the banks has a separate contract with the borrower, even though for convenience, the separate contracts are printed in one document.†4 In a typical case, a borrower requires a loan which a single bank is either unwilling or unable to advance. It could be that the loan required is large and the bank approached is not prepared to accept the risk for the entire amount.5 In any case, the reluctance of a single bank to advance a loan often gives way to a syndicated loan or a â€Å"multi-bank loan arrangement† in which at least two banks advance loans to a single borrower â€Å"on common terms based on a single document.†6 Despite the single document, each bank has a separate agreement with the borrower.7 The result is, the obligation of the individual banks involved in the syndicate loan is several rather than joint.8 The lead bank’s legal position and responsibilities with respect to the syndicated loan arrangements is divided into two intricately connected participatory roles. First and foremost, the lead bank, which is usually the bank

Lattice Boltzmann Method

Lattice Boltzmann Method Computational Fluid Dynamics permits the analysis of the behaviour of fluid flows in virtual environments and compared to traditional experimental tests involves lower time and costs as well as a better understanding of the studied phenomenon. Indeed, once the solution is obtai- ned all the magnitudes of the fluids can be accurately computed and visualised. Moreover, with CFD there is no interference between the flow field and the measuring equipment. The main approach used to study the behaviour of a fluid is the continuum one, which uses the Navier-Stokes equations and describes the fluid through macroscopic properties as pressure temperature and density. Since it is difficult and time-consuming to solve directly the non-linear partial differential NS equations these are converted into a system of algebraic equations th- rough finite difference, finite volume or finite element methods. The fluid domain is discretized and each node or volume contains a huge number of particles, the average value of pressure, velocity density etc is computed through an iterative process until convergence is reached. An alternative approach to study the fluid characteristics is the analysis of the microscale beha- viour of the fluid particles. The forces between particles (molecules) describe and determine the flow dynamic and at each time step the position and velocity of each particle is computed using the Newtons second law of momentum conservation. From the kinetic theory macro-scale pro- perties of the fluid can be obtained. This method is clearly impractical because of the extreme number of particles that constitute even a small volume of fluid. The LBM method is in the middle of these two methodologies and focuses the attention on di- screte collections of particles whose properties are described through a probability distribution function (PDF). The PDF describes the behaviour of a large number of particles using a sta- tistical distribution. This approach hence doesnt request the knowledge of the single particles positions and velocities. The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution function can be defined as the probability of finding particles within a certain range of velocities at a certain range of locations at a certain time f(r,c,t), where r,c,tare the position, velocity and time respectively. The spatial discretization used is named lattice and it is based on a Cartesian distribution of discrete points with discrete sets of velocity directions. The lattice is determined by the number of dimensions n and discrete velocity directions m (DnQm), a large number of velocities leads to a more precise description but also a higher computational cost. For each discrete velocity direction a PDF is defined. The Boltzmanns Transport Equation is used to describe the evolution of the PDFs and their  interactions: à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡f à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡t+ c ·Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬ ¡f= à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦(f) The equation states that the total derivative of the PDF equals to the collision operator à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦. This is a Lagrangian approach to the fluid dynamics while the traditional CFD methods use a Eulerian one. The collision operator depends on the distribution functions and it is very complicated to compute, a solution was founded by Bhatnagar, Gross and Krook (BGK) who replaced it with a single relaxation time (SRT) simplified model: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ = 1 (feqf) à Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ where feqis the local equilibrium distribution function (the distribution which represents the system equilibrium) and à Ã¢â‚¬Å¾is the relaxation time (particle collision frequency). The above equation can be written along each velocity direction and can be discretized as à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  teq fi(r+ cià ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  t,t+ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  t) = fi(r,t) + [f (r,t)f(r,t)] à Ã¢â‚¬Å¾i This equation can be used to describe many phenomena specifying the proper equilibrium di- stribution function. The two steps represented are the propagation step which models the movement of the distribution functions along discrete directions and the collision step which describes the physical phenomena. The main drawbacks using an SRT scheme are the low Mach number which can be used, the limitations imposed by the value of à Ã¢â‚¬Å¾and the Prandtl number must be near one. For these reasons a multiple relaxation time (MRT) collision operator is used, this approach involves the calculation of the collision step in the momentum space instead of the velocity space. The CFD software Xflow uses an MRT scheme which improves the stability and enhance the Mach number limitations up to Mach 0.6 for the overall fluid domain and up to Mach 1 in local regions, this means for example that a shock wave in the point of the minimum Cp value in a transonic airfoil can be captured. The lattice structure used in the software is a D3Q27 arran- ged in an octree structure. This method divides the 3D space in a tree data structure where each portion is recursively subdivided in eight equals smaller parts. In this manner, different spatial scales with different refinements can be obtained in the fluid domain. Each level has spatial and temporal scales twice as smaller than the previous one so the ratio dx/dt and the CFL condition remain constant allowing a proper time step for each node. This is an advantage towards traditional CFD method where the time step is constant and hence the calculation is inefficient for the coarse part of the mesh. Moreover, adaptive ref inement criteria based on the local vorticity level can be used to refine wake regions, free surface and interfaces. The model used to simulate subgrid turbulence is the Wall-Adapting Local Eddy (WALE) vi- scosity model. This approach is the same used for Large Eddy Simulation and introduce an artificial eddy viscosity ÃŽÂ ½t. This model appears to be more efficiently applied in the LBM me- thod because the strain rate tensor is available in the local node while it needs information from the neighbours nodes to be evaluated in traditional CFD models. Besides, the proportional aspect ratio of the lattice required for LES turbulence model is another advantage in behalf of LBM technique. The impossibility to represent the boundary layer near walls because of the isotropy of the latti- ce structure and the consequent high number of nodes requested to capture the phenomenon is overcome through the use of the Wall-Modeled LES approach (WMLES). Furthermore, as the turbolence length scale is proportional to the distance from the free surface and the boundary layer thickness is proportional to the Reynolds number, the resolution scale becomes unaccep- tably small near walls. This is why the WMLES approach uses RANS in the proximity of the walls. The discrete velocities projections are also used to calculate the distance between the lattice and the geometry in order to obtain a detailed description of the body curvature which is used in WMLES to evaluate the boundary layer behaviour.

Bottled Water vs Tap Water Essay

Water is vital to human life. Humans can live for several weeks on water alone. However, they cannot survive for more than a few days without it. In fact, a human’s body primarily consists of 55% to 78% water (Geri Walton. ) Therefore, we need water. Life cannot exist without water. While some people prefer drinking bottled water, others prefer drinking tap water. In fact, controversy has been placed on the quality and safety of drinking bottled water versus drinking tap water. The bottled water industry has increased tremendously. They offer several brands of water including: mineral water, spring water, purified water and also well water. Water also comes in many different flavors. If you wish, you may also select carbonated water. In order to label these, each brand has to meet certain qualifications. They must be collected and strictly treated. The Food Standards Agency monitors bottled water. They adhere to rigorous guidelines as to what can and cannot be put on the label. Many believe that bottled water is much healthier than tap water. It is free of bacteria. It is free from filthy chemicals. In fact, the levels of lead in bottled water are much lower than those in tap water. Bottled water is free from contamination and safer for drinking. It prevents harmful substances and organisms from entering into the body. Bottled water has to pass through a purification process. Many companies like to include the word â€Å"pure† in their advertising of campaigns and trademarks. They realize that many people find it secure in health benefits over other products. This guarantees high-quality drinking water. Bottled water provides compelling vitamins and minerals to the human body. Sufficient amounts of minerals are important for managing a healthy human system. There are numerous health benefits for drinking bottled water. In some countries, such as Europe, humans believe that bottled waters have medicinal properties. It contains zero fat, calories and sugar. According to the International Bottled Water Association, â€Å"one of the main health benefits of bottled water is that it can replace less healthy beverages, such as soda, sweet tea, hot chocolate and sugary flavored coffees. (Ipatenco, Sara) In today’s society, bottled water may be found any and everywhere, from offices to homes and restaurants across the country. It is rejuvenating, healthy and convenient to carry around. It is great for those on the go. An accessible bottle in your bag will immediately quench your thirst. Having bottled water may result in more fluid intake. Sufficient utilization of water is important for preventing dehydration and for keeping our bodies functioning properly. Although there are several benefits of drinking bottled water, more and more people are questioning if it is actually better than tap water. In fact, many believe that bottled water is not safer or purer than tap water. Many believe that tap water tastes just as good as bottled water. During a blind taste test in New York City, the greater part of the people actually preferred the taste of tap water over bottled water. Tap water is not hazardous or harmful. In fact, it is well-regulated and inspected hundreds of times per month by the Environmental Protection Agency. These agencies make certain tap water is free of harmful toxins and other bacteria. With tap water, you are more likely to know what is in it. Tap water is tested cautiously. Every year, several tests are taken to ensure that tap water is as safe as it can possibly be. With strict standards, they are tested for micro-organisms and other chemicals and metals. It is also tested for water pathogens that could possibly cause intestinal problems. Tap water is composed of fluoride and chloronation. The enamel-protecting fluoride reduces tooth decay and enhances oral health. It is a major ingredient in toothpastes, while chlorination kills bacteria. Tap water is much cheaper than bottled water. It is free! Bottled water is extremely expensive compared to tap water. Bottled water companies make â€Å"tens of billions of dollars† per year. In today’s society, people are paying so much for bottled water when they could actually get tap water practically free. In fact, â€Å"bottled water costs 500 times more than tap water† (MacKenzie, Ashley. ) By drinking tap water, you save a tremendous amount of money. Drinking tap water is better on our environment. Water bottles are thrown into landfills. It takes more than 700 years for plastic to decompose. Reducing the amount of plastic water bottles in landfills can save energy drastically. Drinking water from a glass or using a refillable steel bottle also saves resources. By drinking tap water, you save the planet. Tap water has some bacteria that are actually beneficial to your health. The human immune system automatically strengthens its defenses against any possible harmful bacteria that it is exposed to. Our immune system is familiar with small amounts of bacteria and is equipped to prevent illnesses. For a fact, our bodies need water. Humans lose water every day through breathing, perspiration, urine and bowel movements. In order for our bodies to function properly, it is essential that we replenish it with water. Basically, bottled water and tap water come from the same sources: lakes, springs and aquifers. They each have many benefits. One must decide as to which is best. What type of water will you drink: bottled water or tap water? Make the healthy choice.

Parent Interview

I interviewed a woman who has given birth within the past year so that I can relate the things I am learning In the classroom back to real life scenarios. Throughout the Interview I hope to obtain enough knowledge to be able to understand the blurting process a lot better. I hope that I will be able to know more about how real life situations when it comes to having a new baby in the house. I also hope to be able to understand what it is like for a mother to see their newborn baby for the first time. Else is a 23 year old female.She is Mexican and was born at Fremont hospital in Yuba City, CA. Her family is made up of her boyfriend, herself, and her 4 children. Her boyfriend is also Mexican and they speak mostly English inside of their home, but they also Include some Spanish. She doesn't work at the moment, she currently Is enrolled In 5 classes at Yuba College and Is a full time mother to her 4 little ones. I interviewed Else outside of the cafeteria at Yuba College, It wasn't exac tly In privacy but she said It was perfectly fine. The total Interview took about an hour.Else was very nice and considerate, since she Is an ACE major also, she decided In the middle f the interview that she wants to take ACE 3 and learn about that the basics of every child. There was no problems with the procedure. RESULTS Else had a difficult delivery. She had a planned cesarean delivery, but she had a lot of tissue scaring which made it harder for the doctors to stitch the incision that was made. According to Papilla, a cesarean delivery is when doctors surgically remove a baby from the uterus through an incision In the mother's abdomen (120).She ended up having to stay 4 days In the hospital because of the complications with the Incision. When Else first saw her daughter she was Instantly In love with the little Dutton nose and soft skin. Her newborn baby was seven and a half pounds, which according to Papilla that is the average for newborn babies in the united States (122). S he gave birth to her at the same hospital she was born at, which is Fremont hospital in Yuba City. The only thing that she didn't really like about her stay there was that the R. N. Name in at 4:30 in the morning to weigh the baby, she thinks that 8 am would be a more appropriate time. Else said that right after giving birth she was able to see her baby for about 10 seconds and then wasn't able to see her again for 5 ours due to the complications that happened with the incision. She said that she had a big room and had It all to herself, which was extremely nice because her boyfriend stayed with her the entire time she was in there. She said that he held her hand and kept her happy throughout the entire cesarean delivery.The day after delivery she was able to hold her newborn, but she was extremely sad because she was told that she Isn't allowed to have any more children because of the scaring. Papilla vaginal birth after cesarean should only be attempted with caution (121). So, und erstandable as to why she isn't allowed to have any more children. It surprised her, but she was fine with it because she was fine and her newborn was healthy. The baby was quiet as a newborn. Instead of crying when she's hungry, she would move her head a lot.Right after child birth, she wasn't able to move because her incision was constantly opening up, so her boyfriend did most of the work including changing diapers and bathing the baby. Papilla has stated that the father's role has been increased since sass's and that the father's involvement with the child is related to the child's well-being and physical, cognitive, and social development (139). She breastfed for 2 months, but then the baby decided that she didn't want it anymore, so she had to switch to the bottle.She wanted to make sure that her newborn received the nutrients through her breast milk, so she was sad when she had to switch to the bottle. Papilla recommends breastfeeding to reduce the risk of obesity (147). Obes ity runs in her family. It actually makes it easier because now she doesn't have to worry about pumping milk before she goes to school. Overall, she is much more tired than she was before the baby was born, but she says that the babies mile makes her happier than ever before.The child changed Else's life because she now has 4 little ones that she has to care for, but she said it gives her something to look forward to everyday. She doesn't work anymore, because she decided to start school. She says that nothing has changed dramatically, but she is trying to maintain the same schedule as before. The baby is in a daycare, but the daycare is ran by the baby's grandmother.Throughout the interview, I learned that there is many complications that can come with a cesarean delivery. I didn't know that if you had to much scar tissue that it would be complicated to stitch back up. I also learned that babies freely choose if they want to be breastfed or bottle fed, I had never thought about the possibility of a child deciding that. It was interesting to see how everything related back to the book, especially since I don't have any children of my own. Marmoreal, Papilla, Feldman. (2014). A Child's World: Infancy Through Adolescence. Thirteenth Edition. New York: McGraw Hill.

From Moral Failing to Disease essays

From Moral Failing to Disease essays Fashions change in nearly everything - including the popular and medical opinions about alcoholism. A half-century ago, most people (including medical professionals as well as alcoholics themselves) believed that alcoholism was a question of free will: People became alcoholics because they chose to drink and did not have the moral (or emotional or psychological) ability to stop drinking. Over the past several decades, ideas about the root causes of alcoholism changed substantially as the pendulum swung from one extreme (i.e. alcoholism is a moral weakness) to the other (alcoholism is a disease caused by a genetic predisposition). In the past decade, the pendulum has begun swinging back slightly so that now most medical and social-work professionals view alcoholism as a learned behavior - although there is also although there is little doubt most alcoholics have some element of genetic predisposition for the condition. This paper explores the phenomenon of alcoholism as we understand it at this point, as a condition that is partly learned (i.e. the result of freely engaged in choices) and partly genetic. The question of whether alcoholism is an acquired behavior or a genetic or a combination of the two might not seem to be terribly important either to the alcoholic who is suffering or to her or his family and friends who suffer as well. But in fact it is extremely important in terms of how one treats the condition - and also in how the condition is viewed socially. We can draw an analogy to a condition like diabetes: It doesn't little good to lecture someone about the importance of good eating habits and regular exercise to prevent diabetes if their condition is genetically based (although of course diet and exercise can still help to control it), but it does a tremendous amount of good to talk to an individual about environmental factors if his or her diabetes is caused b...

MEG (book report) essays

MEG (book report) essays The book I read for my report was MEG. This book was about a prehistoric shark-like creature known as the Megalodon. It was known as one of the fierceiest creatures to roam the earth, it would eat anything it could come across that was meat, and it ruled the ocean realm. In the book MEG the creature came to reality because it had survived in the Marianis ocean depths near the earths geothermal vents where the heat from the vents made the water warm enough to survive. The MEG could not rise above thease depths because the extreme cold of the water kept the creature prisoner to the deep. The MEG, being pregnant as she was, she swam next to her mate in search of foods. She then could not take the fact of the hunger anymore and she attacked her mate and ate him, thus pointing out its carnivorous nature. As she ate the male, he started to rise from the depths, and as she ate him his warm blood flowing over her body kept her warm enough through the ascent to stay alive. Once she was through the extreme coldness, she was free to rule the rest of the ocean. But in the real world, the creature is extinct, some people say that it still exists, but in very small numbers (of course). The MEG itself, i have heard it been described as a train with teeth, and im sure it dosent fall short of that. ...

Personal aspect management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal aspect management - Essay Example In the organizational context, influencing implies commitment to the desired result enough to spend needed energy to achieve it. The concept of influencing is connected with commitment defined as a state of being in which employees become bound to a particular actions by a belief system that sustains those actions and their own involvement. In many situations (conflicts, disputes and decision-making) influencing is important as an instrument to achieve some preconceived state or desire (Fabian 54). It arises out of a felt need (important enough to cause use of energy) and a mechanism (the control over resources needed by others) that allows for possible improvement of that need. According to Beardwell et al (2001) the power sources include legitimate, expert, reward, coercive, referent. These sources of power are intentional and instrumental in its use. Leaders and managers activate them only as they value the possible outcome sufficiently to expend needed energy in power action. The process of persuading employees is based on argumentation and reasoning. Persuading process can be explained as a relationship in which an employee independently weighs reasons another person. Armstrong (2001) underlines that persuading is central to man's continuing concern for administration and organization. How people organize and relate to each other to get planned goals accomplished is central to organization and administrative theory. The overreaching problem of organization life is securing follower compliance. This compliance comes without losing the long-term amicable relationship between the person desiring compliance and the person whose behavior change we seek. And this must be done with an eye on conserving scarce resources. Influencing and persuading allows management to guide employees and customers, their actions and preferences (Austin, Pinkleton 38). Influence and persuasion are commonly exhibited through orders the managers issue to someone subordinate to them. They can be seen as coercive resource employees get by virtue of authority grants from those above and below us in the social structure. It is often logical, reasoned, legitimate, and systematic in its application and use (Barham, Conway 45). A number of studies have demonstrated that situational factors moderate the attitude-behavior relationship. Individuals differ profoundly in their use of persuasive message strategies. Certain people consistently employ manipulation and deceit, whereas others eschew these tactics. Some people use emotional appeals, whereas others resort to threat. Research has examined individual differences in compliance-gaining attempts to determine the impact that personality and demographic factors exert on message strategy selection. First, participants in the various studies are probably more mindful and self-conscious about their message strategy selections than are communicators in the real world By asking respondents to respond to a series of hypothetical scenarios or to construct a persuasive message, researchers found that respondents reflected on their persuasion behavior (Hannagan 49-52). In the workplace, supervisors who clearly identify the performance expectations of their subordinates and inform them of their degree of conformance to the stated requirements may be providing their subordinates with feelings of control and reducing their feelings of uncertainty. Employees who know that they are acting

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Human Resource Management - Essay Example This essay stresses that HRM is the advanced form of the HR. It is considered as the backbone of any organisation or firm. The relationship among the employees should be cordial and there should be a jovial environment. Gender equality is gaining importance in present market. Women are being considered as potential threat (competitors) to their male counterparts. With an able leader organisational goals can be achieved through proper planning. Corporate social responsibility also plays an important role in the development of an organisation. CSR agenda is to inspire, challenge and empower employees, to positively contribute to local communities and environment; to help create a substantial business future for all of us. CSR is viewed as part of the way in which business is done and an active approach brings tangible benefits to business. In recognising wider responsibilities to a broad range of stakeholders – including partners, employees, clients, suppliers, community groups and opinion formers – CSR aims to permeate many levels of business activity – affecting corporate governance, employee relations, client relationships, environmental management, community involvement as well as many business operations, including Graduate Recruitment, Diversity and Facilities. This paper makes a conclusion that CSR takes a number of forms; committed to developing sustainable and mutually beneficial working relationships with community and voluntary organisations working in a variety of fields – including education, regeneration, employment, homelessness and environmental conservation.

Accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Accounting - Assignment Example Prepare the entries on Pierson Co.s books related to the transactions that occurred on January 10, February 12, and March 10. If Allowance for Doubtful Accounts has a credit balance of $2,100 in the trial balance, journalize the adjusting entry at December 31, assuming bad debts are expected to be (1) 1% of net sales, and (2) 10% of accounts receivable. If Allowance for Doubtful Accounts has a debit balance of $200 in the trial balance, journalize the adjusting entry at December 31, assuming bad debts are expected to be (1) 0.75% of net sales and (2) 6% of accounts receivable. Credit terms are 2/10, n/30. At March 31, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts has a credit balance of $1,200 prior to adjustment. The company uses the percentage-of-receivables basis for estimating uncollectible accounts. The companys estimate of bad debts is as follows. At December 31, 2009, Braddock Company had a balance of $15,000 in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. During 2010, Braddock wrote off accounts totaling $13,000. One of those accounts ($1,800) was later collected. At December 31, 2010, an aging schedule indicated that the balance in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts should be $19,000. On December 31, 2010, Jarnigan Co. estimated that 2% of its net sales of $400,000 will become uncollectible. The company recorded this amount as an addition to Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. On May 11, 2011, Jarnigan Co. determined that Terry Fryes account was uncollectible and wrote off $1,100. On June 12, 2011, Fryes paid the amount previously written off. On March 3, Cornwell Appliances sells $680,000 of its receivables to Marsh Factors Inc. Marsh Factors assesses a finance charge of 3% of the amount of receivables sold. Prepare the entry on Cornwell Appliances books to record the sale of the receivables. (For multiple debit/credit entries, list amounts from largest to

Peculiar Institution Essay Example for Free

Peculiar Institution Essay On September 23, 1861 Mrs. E. A. Spaulding of Central Village Windham County wrote Abraham Lincoln about the Peculiar Institution or Slavery. She believed that until it â€Å"is abolished, civilization is impeded, humanity languishes and our boasted land of freedom is a practical lie. † Two prominent persons of the era, John C. Calhoun and James Henry Hammond, thought the contrary. Calhoun and Hammond were strong defenders of Slavery. In his Mudsill Speech of 1858, Hammond justified the use of slaves through the Mudsill theory. He said that in order for the upper class to be able to push the country forward, there had to be a lower class to support it. The lower class was needed to do the dirty job and the easy tasks. They were the ones with less intelligence and talent but had the energy, subservience and loyalty demanded by the job, referring to the Africans. In the North, the laborers were not paid enough. They had to work long hours and some ended up as beggars. There were many beggars in the North, but there were none in the South. The slaves in the South enjoyed lifetime employment and because they were well paid, they did not have to beg, did not go hungry, were never out of jobs and neither did they have to work more than what they can do in a day. The slaves in the South were Blacks. They were from a different and inferior race. In working for slave owners in the South, their life had greatly improved. They had simple desires, little ambitions and they wanted no more than those. Both owners and slaves had no conflicts to disturb the peace of their days. In the case of the North, their slaves were their own race. Hammond believed that such a situation can be humiliating for the slaves, though they are the majority. As this majority had voting rights, they were actually more powerful. With such power they can create the most trouble for their employers. In his Disquisition on Government, Calhoun disagreed with the Founding Father’s idea of the rights of individuals. He believed that it was not true that people were born free and equal. The condition of life of the Blacks, being the inferior, had been improved by Slavery. They had become civilized, and their moral, physical and intellectual circumstances had changed for the better. Historically, there was never a society where part of it did not depend on the efforts of the other. The living and working conditions of the South were much better than those in the North. The Southern slave owners took care of his slaves and their families and were not subjected to the constant and unsettling labor problems in the North. Calhoun’s strongest argument against the Abolitionists was that protection of domestic institutions was granted exclusively to the states. Since Slavery was a peculiar institution to the South, attempts by other states to abolish it was defiance of the Constitution. Pro Slavery advocates cited Biblical references to argue that slavery was allowed by the Lord and intended for it to continue. Exodus 21:5-6, the slave says â€Å"I love my wife, my master and my children, I will not go free. † †¦. nd that â€Å"he (slave) shall serve him (master) for life. In Ephesians 6:5, God instructs â€Å"Servants, obey your masters of this world with fear and respect, with simplicity of heart, as if obeying Christ. † In Genesis 9:26, Noah prayed to the Lord, â€Å"Blessed be Yahweh, God of Shem, let Canaan be his slave. † Titus 2:9 says â€Å"Teach slaves to be subject to their masters †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Colossians 3:22 instructs â€Å"Servants obey your masters in everything not only while they are present, to gain favor with them, but because you fear the Lord. In all these, the advocates believe that slavery did not go against the spiritual teachings. There were also economic considerations in the use of slaves to work in Southern plantations. They were the most cost-efficient, available laborers. Their owners realized big returns of investments that they were able to give their slaves decent and comfortable lives, by way of homes, clothing, medical care and assurance of a stable future. The slave and their owners had a paternalistic relationship where the latter took care of the slaves like family.

Analysis of Nike Essay -- Nike Tennis Shoes Retail Businesses Essays

Analysis of Nike Basketball players â€Å"wanna be like Mike†, but shoe companies â€Å"wanna be like NIKE.† NIKE is the worlds #1 company and controls more than 40% of the US athletic shoe market. The company designs and sells shoes for just about every sport, including baseball, volleyball, cheerleading, and wrestling. NIKE also sells Cole Haan dress and casual shoes and a line of athletic wear and equipment, such as hockey sticks, skates, and timepieces. In addition, it operates NIKETOWN shoe and sportswear stores and is opening JORDAN in store outlets in suburban markets. NIKE sells its product to about 19,000 US accountants, in about 140 other countries, and online. Chairman, CEO, and co-founder Phil Knight owns. Nike Co. is very interesting, as well is a popular brand. Nike, pronounced NI-KEY, is the winged goddess of victory according to Greek mythology. She sat at the side of Zeus, the ruler of the Olympian pantheon, in Olympia. A mystical presence, symbolizing victorious encounters, NIKE presided over history’s earliest battlefields. A Greek would say, â€Å"When we go to battle, and win, we say it is NIKE.† Synonymous with honored conquest; NIKE is the twentieth century footwear that lifts the world’s greatest athletes to new levels of mastery and achievement. The NIKE â€Å"swoosh† embodies the spirit of the winged goddess who inspired the most courageous and chivalrous warriors at the dawn of civilization. Among artistic representations of Nike are the sculpture by Paeonius (c. 424 BC) and the â€Å"Nike of Samothrace.† Rhodians probably erected the latter, discovered on Samothrace in 1863 and now in the Louvre Museum, Paris, about 203 BC to commemorate a sea battle. Excavations have shown that the sculpture was placed alighting on a flagship, which was set in the ground in such a way that it appeared to float. If you were to break the word NIKE down, you would get Ni-key. The pronunciation for Nike is ‘nI-kE. Its function is noun, and its etymology is Greek NiKE. If you defined the word NIKE, you would find out that it means the Greek goddess of victory. Another meaning and definition of a word is SWOOSHING. Main entry: Swoosh, function is noun, and it is an act or instance of swooshing. The origin of the swoosh dates back as far as 1971. Phil Knight was supplementing his modest income from Blue Ribbon Sports Inc. by teachi... ...enior labor official reiterated complaints that workers in Nike-contracted factories faced inhumane treatment. ``Violations of labor rights generally are occurring in their smaller contractor joint venture or wholly-owned ventures in which the Vietnamese side has minimal control,'' said Tu Le, a senior official from the Vietnam Labor Union. Nguyen's report was to be released today in New York. Just weeks ahead of the report, Nike announced it had hired former U.N. Ambassador Andrew Young and his Goodworks International group to review a new code of conduct for the company's overseas factories. The measure was aimed at quelling mounting criticism that working conditions at factories in Indonesia and Vietnam were substandard. Nike uses five manufacturing plants in Vietnam, where it takes advantage of low-cost labor and relatively high production standards. About 3 percent of Nike's output is produced in Vietnam, a Nike spokesman said in an earlier interview. Michael Jordan became the first athletic mega businessman. His role as a spokesman for Nike turned that athletic-shoe and- apparel company into the world leader, earning both him and Nike millions of dollars. Analysis of Nike Essay -- Nike Tennis Shoes Retail Businesses Essays Analysis of Nike Basketball players â€Å"wanna be like Mike†, but shoe companies â€Å"wanna be like NIKE.† NIKE is the worlds #1 company and controls more than 40% of the US athletic shoe market. The company designs and sells shoes for just about every sport, including baseball, volleyball, cheerleading, and wrestling. NIKE also sells Cole Haan dress and casual shoes and a line of athletic wear and equipment, such as hockey sticks, skates, and timepieces. In addition, it operates NIKETOWN shoe and sportswear stores and is opening JORDAN in store outlets in suburban markets. NIKE sells its product to about 19,000 US accountants, in about 140 other countries, and online. Chairman, CEO, and co-founder Phil Knight owns. Nike Co. is very interesting, as well is a popular brand. Nike, pronounced NI-KEY, is the winged goddess of victory according to Greek mythology. She sat at the side of Zeus, the ruler of the Olympian pantheon, in Olympia. A mystical presence, symbolizing victorious encounters, NIKE presided over history’s earliest battlefields. A Greek would say, â€Å"When we go to battle, and win, we say it is NIKE.† Synonymous with honored conquest; NIKE is the twentieth century footwear that lifts the world’s greatest athletes to new levels of mastery and achievement. The NIKE â€Å"swoosh† embodies the spirit of the winged goddess who inspired the most courageous and chivalrous warriors at the dawn of civilization. Among artistic representations of Nike are the sculpture by Paeonius (c. 424 BC) and the â€Å"Nike of Samothrace.† Rhodians probably erected the latter, discovered on Samothrace in 1863 and now in the Louvre Museum, Paris, about 203 BC to commemorate a sea battle. Excavations have shown that the sculpture was placed alighting on a flagship, which was set in the ground in such a way that it appeared to float. If you were to break the word NIKE down, you would get Ni-key. The pronunciation for Nike is ‘nI-kE. Its function is noun, and its etymology is Greek NiKE. If you defined the word NIKE, you would find out that it means the Greek goddess of victory. Another meaning and definition of a word is SWOOSHING. Main entry: Swoosh, function is noun, and it is an act or instance of swooshing. The origin of the swoosh dates back as far as 1971. Phil Knight was supplementing his modest income from Blue Ribbon Sports Inc. by teachi... ...enior labor official reiterated complaints that workers in Nike-contracted factories faced inhumane treatment. ``Violations of labor rights generally are occurring in their smaller contractor joint venture or wholly-owned ventures in which the Vietnamese side has minimal control,'' said Tu Le, a senior official from the Vietnam Labor Union. Nguyen's report was to be released today in New York. Just weeks ahead of the report, Nike announced it had hired former U.N. Ambassador Andrew Young and his Goodworks International group to review a new code of conduct for the company's overseas factories. The measure was aimed at quelling mounting criticism that working conditions at factories in Indonesia and Vietnam were substandard. Nike uses five manufacturing plants in Vietnam, where it takes advantage of low-cost labor and relatively high production standards. About 3 percent of Nike's output is produced in Vietnam, a Nike spokesman said in an earlier interview. Michael Jordan became the first athletic mega businessman. His role as a spokesman for Nike turned that athletic-shoe and- apparel company into the world leader, earning both him and Nike millions of dollars.

??the Breakdown of Immune System

The Breakdown of Immune System Andy 1131400011 English? Liver Pool 2012. 10. 19 Diseases always suddenly burst into people’s lives and leave long-term scars for these patients. There are many diseases are so serious that have global influence in human history. As the article The Evolution and Breakdown of Immune System wrote, â€Å"The breakdown of immune system is one of the most frequent and dangerous diseases all over the world. (Jonsson, Brokstad, Hansen, Davies & Ulevestad, 2002)† It not only influences the patients, but impacts their families, and even worse, they may become the burden of the whole society.Every patient really suffers lots of pain when they fight with these kinds of diseases. They will simply influence your immune system, the guardian of your body, even destroy it. Patients may get sick and find it hard to recover once there have some disturbance come from the outside environment. AIDS is one of the most influential diseases of them. According to the dates from UNAIDS, in2010, there are totally 33. 3 million people who suffer lots of pain for AIDS in the earth (UNAIDS, 2010).People who get AIDS will become unbelievably vulnerable and can only lengthen their life under some medical help. The influence of these kinds of diseases will expand from personal to social. Patients’ families are the first who will bear the torture of worries and sadness. Immune system is hard to rebuild after break down so the patients’ families have to pay money for their treatment endlessly. Once they do not have enough money, the patient can only wait for the end of the life, which will bring families huge pain.Only in Africa, 23 million people who died because of AIDS in 2010 (UNAIDS, 2010). And there are millions of families suffer the hurt caused by AIDS. Not only the patients’ families will suffer a lot when they try to save the patients, the society also weighs down by the expenditure to treat patients. In 2009, US$ 15. 9 billion was used to get all kinds of available sources for HIV, but in 2010 there will have $ 26. 8 billion needed for HIV services, and the scholars said there will have a long period ncrease because of the growth of patients who is infected by AIDS (UNAIDS, 2010). Since extensive impacts caused by immune system breakdown, if we can find some causes of it, there may have some favorable change in our future. Based on its different causes, it is usually divided into three main parts: immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and hypersensitivity. Immunodeficiency is first type, which refers to diseases that can make the ability of immune system to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely absent.Most cases of this kind of diseases are acquired but some people are born with defects in their immune system, or primary immunodeficiency. One example provided by Dr. Greenberg is the mix-use of things which can touch our body, such as syringe needles and toothbrush (Greenberg, 2009). So we s hould be careful to our actions in our daily lives. The second is autoimmunity, which contains diseases are caused by the failure of an organism in recognizing its own constituent parts as self, which allows an immune response against its own cells and tissues.It is often caused by a lack of germ development of a target body. The immune system may fight with each other regardless of the corporations. Some scientists regard overstress and overwork as two main reasons of these kinds of diseases (Clare, 2003). It means the irregular living style may lead to the breakdown of the immune system. Lastly is hypersensitivity. It refers to undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies. Many of them are caused by unhealthy living habits in our daily lives (Allen, 1999).Maybe some people always eat a lot once they find something is delicious, maybe they spend too much time in a certain environment, all these may cause the breakdown of our immune system. After w e are aware of the bad influences of immune system breakdown on patients, families and society; after we research and trace its causes and divide them into three main types, immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and hypersensitivity, we really hope that the breakdown of the immune system will leave less pain on people’s lives.But unfortunately, immune system breakdown is still one of the most destructive diseases in the world. Word count: 718 words Reference 1) JONSSON, R. R. , BROKSTAD, K. , HANSEN, T. T. , DAVIES, T. T. , & ULVESTAD, E. E. (2002). The Evolution and Breakdown of the Immune System: Implications for Development of Autoimmune Diseases*. Scandinavian Journal Of Immunology, 56(3), 323-326. doi:10. 1046/j. 1365-3083. 2002. 01158. x 2) Greenberg, S. (2009, 2). Immunodeficiency. Retrieved from http://www. utoronto. a/kids/Immunodeficiency. htm 3) UNAIDS. (2010, 12 23). The fact sheet on HIV for global report use. Retrieved from http://www. unaids. org/documents/20101123_FS _Global_em_en. pdf 4) Clare, A. (2003). The stranger within. New Scientist, 180(2421), 34. Retrieved from http://www. katewerk. com/chimera. html 5) Allen, C. (1999). Delayed type hypersensitivity: Current theories with an historic perspective. Dermatology Online Journal, 5(1), 7. Retrieved from http://dermatology. cdlib. org/DOJvol5num1/reviews/black. html

Effectiveness of Legal Sanctions

Effectiveness of sanctions in our society today In today’s society we impose sanctions on individuals who break laws of the community. There are many types of sanctions such as; fines, intensive correction, community based, youth training and drug treatment orders, home detention, suspended sentences and imprisonment. Imposing sanctions among offenders is highly successful in our society today as they may deter the individual/ general community from committing/re-committing a crime, to protect the society, to punish the offender, in many cases to rehabilitate the offender and to show that the crime is unacceptable. Imprisonment is a criminal sanction which removes the offender from society by detainment in a prison. Imprisonment is effective in terms of punishment and protection of the society. Imprisonment can also be seen as a deterrence which discourages the individual/general community from re-offending / committing a crime. Many prisoners once released from prison stay on the right path and never go back to prison. This is what one hopes for when imposing the imprisonment sanction. However some prisoners, once released cannot live normal lives. In prisons there is a high amount of violence and sexual assaults, so when people are released the fear going back, therefore they cannot live normal lives. Furthermore prisoners are grouped with other prisoners and they may learn new tricks of the trade. Also it can be argued that deterrence failing in prisons. There is a high rate of individuals re-offending when released from prison. An astonishing 33% of prisoners return to prison within two years of their release. Yet even with on of the major aims of imprisonment failing, deterrence, I still believe that imprisonment is an effective sanction is it is protecting our society because the prisoner is out of the way, therefore the society is safe. An intensive correction order is another type of sanction in our society. It is a sanction involving the treatment and supervision component and a custodial component. There are numerous conditions regarding an intensive correction order. The offender cannot commit another offence while on order; there is supervision twice a week, attendance at a correction centre for 12 hours a week, community work for 8 hours a weekend and counseling. If the individual breaks any of these conditions they can be imprisoned for the remainder of the order. The main aims of an intensive correction order are deterrence and rehabilitation. It discourages the individual from re-offending but also helps the individual change and resume a normal life. The intensive corrections order is highly effective on our society as it not only punishes the individual but gives them every opportunity to get their life back on track. Attendance at a correction centre, supervision and counseling will help the individual get his/her life back on track and as a result the society becomes safer. In conclusion, there are many types of sanctions, each with their own set of potential aims to help the society and the individual. Two sanctions are imprisonment and an intensive correction order. Both are effective to our society in different ways. Imprisonment involves protecting the society and punishment while an intensive correction order involves rehabilitation and deterrence. Even though imprisonment fails in acting as a deterrent I believe sanctions are effective in our society today.

Concealed weapons in michigan essays

Concealed weapons in michigan essays When applying for a license to carry a concealed firearm, in Michigan you must first submit an application containing two references, a letter from your employer, a set of finger prints, and it must all be notarized. The forms are then taken to the chief of police or township supervisor for their approval who will then forward the forms to the county clerk. Final approval must then be obtained from the Concealed Weapons Licensing Board, who directs the county clerk to determine if all requirements are met. Applicants must be at least 18 years of age, a United States citizen, a resident of Michigan for more than 6 months, have good reason to fear injury to his person or property or other proper reasons, be a suitable person to be so licensed, have no felony convictions within the past 8 years, and have never been adjudges insane unless subsequently restored by court order. The Concealed Weapons Licensing Board determines how long the license will be valid, no longer than 3 years. Most would assume that being a correction officer would be a good reason to fear injury. According to the Board, being a correction officer is not a valid reason. Day after day officers are threatened by people who will someday be free. Many would assume that some of those threats may actually be real, but again the board does not. If I was a corrections officer I would be affraid that I just might run into someone out on the streets someday and that they could hurt me. ...

Rap Essays

Rap Essays Rap Essay Rap Essay Name: Tutor: Course: Date: Rap The ingenuity and authenticity imposed by the musical genre of Rap is indeed overwhelming. Exemplified as one of the most influential arrays of musical compositions throughout the globe, rap music forms an essential factor in defining society. Ever since its inception in the 1970s among members of the African American community, much of the behavior exemplified by the American society, specifically the youth illustrated delinquency and as such, depicted hip hop as a musical movement that spawned an unapologetic and aberrant generation. On the other hand, hip hop music has gained popularity as among the most uplifting and appropriate tools for young people to express their emotions. Nevertheless, based on the arguments stated, it is evident that rap music sensitizes and uplifts the youth and the American society in general. Overview of Arguments The argument stemming on both sides regarding the influence of rap music on the society is significant. With respect to the debate, the society views music as a common influence among the youth in the society especially relating to delinquency. This is due to the influence evident within the 1980s from the sub-genres of the genre such as Gangsta Rap and West Coast Hip Hop. These sub-genres exuded the violent lifestyles of the inner-city African-American youth. With the inception of personalities such as Ice-T and groups such as Niggaz Wit Attitudes (N.W.A), and as such gained lucrative attention from the youth especially on crime, misogyny and disrespecting the police. On the other hand, the art of rap in hip hoop music alleviates inner-city African American youths into non-delinquent behavior based on the use of the genre as an expression of their innermost thoughts. Argument against Rap From the rise of artists such as Too Short, Ice-T, Ice Cube and other African American artists in the 1980s, it seemed that rap music would be the epitome of the American society. Most of the themes exalted in the songs at this time depicted political militancy, hatred for women and crime. Indeed, the expressiveness of rap plunged the society into a hateful community that saw the police as enemies and women as sexual objects. In addition, with the onset of the late 1980s and 1990s, rap music illustrated segregation and violence exemplified by the enmity between the East Coast and the West Coast. In addition, contemporary hip hop glorifies invalid values such as materialism and profanity and thus, further adds to immorality within the society. Argument for Rap Indeed, the argument for rap stems around the expression of emotions based on the use of rap as a technique within the genre. Much of the sentiments echoed in rap music revolve around the intricacies facing most youth within the society. Notably, hip hop music describes itself as a channel of anger based on the manner, in which the American society rejects the plight of youth and explores conventional thoughts such as racism and segregation. Nevertheless, hip hop music gains popular use as a technique to disseminate such boundaries and equally define the youth as a separate and distinct society that strays away from the rigid structures society barricades. Supporting rap music, it is also evident that most music genres have imposed negative connotations from the society. For instance, genres such as Rock and Roll and Jazz gained popularity as advocates for delinquency and thus, proves that the change in music always encounters difficulties and hostilities from the society with respec t to the status-quo. Conclusion The arguments regarding rap music stem around the social derivative. In summary, both arguments focus on the social impact of the genre and as such, provide conflicting opinions that describe the main facets of the genre. Nevertheless, it is evident that rap music, similar to all other genres, possesses positive and negative aspects and as such, it is up to the society to determine whether to demystify the negative features of the genre or exemplify the positive aspects of rap music.

Pigment Definition and Chemistry

Pigment Definition and Chemistry A pigment is a substance that appears a certain color because it selectively absorbs wavelength of light. While many materials possess this property, pigments with practical applications are stable at normal temperatures and have a high tinting strength so only a small amount is needed to see the color when its used on objects or mixed with a carrier. Both pigments and dyes absorb light to appear a certain color. In contrast, luminescence is a process by which a material emits light. examples of luminescence include phosphorescence, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, and bioluminescence. Pigments that either fade or else blacken over time or with extended exposure to light are called fugitive pigments. The earliest pigments came from natural sources, such as charcoal and ground minerals. Paleolithic and Neolithic cave paintings indicate carbon black, red ochre (iron oxide, Fe2O3), and yellow ochre (hydrated iron oxide, Fe2O3 ·H2O) were known to prehistoric man. Synthetic pigments came into use as early as the 2000 BCE. White lead was made by mixing lead and vinegar in the presence of carbon dioxide. Egyptian blue (calcium copper silicate) came from glass colored using malachite or another copper ore. As more and more pigments were developed, it became impossible to keep track of their composition. In the 20th century, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) developed standards for characteristics and testing of pigments. The Colour Index International (CII) is a published standard index that identifies each pigment according to its chemical composition. Over 27,000 pigments are indexed in the CII schema. Pigment Versus Dye A pigment is a substance that is either dry or else insoluble in its liquid carrier. A pigment in liquid forms a suspension. In contrast, a dye is either a liquid colorant or else dissolves in a liquid to form a solution. Sometimes a soluble dye may be precipitated into a metal salt pigment. A pigment made from a dye in this manner is called a lake pigment (e.g., aluminum lake, indigo lake). Pigment Definition in the Life Sciences In biology, the term pigment is defined somewhat differently, where a pigment refers to any colored molecule found in a cell, regardless of whether or not it is soluble. So, although hemoglobin, chlorophyll, melanin, and bilirubin (as examples) dont fit the narrow definition of pigment in science, they are biological pigments. In animal and plant cells, structural color also occurs. An example may be seen in butterfly wings or peacock feathers. Pigments are the same color no matter how they are viewed, while structural color depends on the viewing angle. While pigments are colored by selective absorption, structural color results from selective reflection. How Pigments Work Pigments selectively absorb wavelengths of light. When white light strikes a pigment molecule, there are different processes that can lead to absorption. Conjugated systems of double bonds  absorb light in some organic pigments. Inorganic pigments may absorb light by electron transfer. For example, vermilion absorbs light, transferring an electron from the sulfur anion (S2-) to a metal cation (Hg2). The charge-transfer complexes remove most colors of white light, reflecting or scattering back the remainder to appear as a certain color. Pigments absorb or subtract wavelengths and do not add to them like luminescent materials do. The spectrum of the incident light affects the appearance of a pigment. So, for example, a pigment wont appear quite the same color under sunlight as it would under fluorescent lighting because a different range of wavelengths are left to be reflected or scattered. When the color of a pigment is represented, the lab light color used to take the measurement must be stated. Usually this is 6500 K (D65), which corresponds to the color temperature of sunlight. The hue, saturation, and other properties of a pigment depend on other compounds that accompany it in products, such as binders or fillers. For example, if you purchase a color of paint, it will appear different depending on the formulation of the mixture. A pigment will look different depending on whether its final surface is glossy, matte, etc. The toxicity and stability of a pigment are also affected by other chemicals in a pigment suspension. This is of concern for tattoo inks and their carriers, among other applications. Many pigments are highly toxic in their own right (e.g., lead white, chrome green, molybdate orange, antimony white). List of Important Pigments Pigments may be classified according to whether they are organic or inorganic. Inorganic pigments may or may not be metal-based. Here is a list of some key pigments: Metallic Pigments cadmium pigments -  cadmium red, cadmium yellow, cadmium orange, cadmium green, cadmium sulfoselenidechromium pigments -  chrome yellow, viridian (chrome green)cobalt pigments -  cobalt blue, cobalt violet, cerulean blue,  aureolin  (cobalt yellow)copper pigments -  azurite, Egyptian blue, malachite, Paris green, Han purple, Han blue,  verigris, phthalocyanine green G, phthalocyanine blue BNiron oxide pigments -  red ochre, Venetian red, Prussian blue, sanguine, caput mortuum, oxide redlead pigments -  red lead, lead white,  cremnitz  white, Naples yellow, lead-tin yellowmanganese pigment -  manganese violetmercury pigment -  vermilliontitanium pigments -  titanium white, titanium black, titanium yellow, titanium beigezinc pigments -  zinc white, zinc ferrite Other Inorganic Pigments carbon pigments -  carbon black, ivory blackclay  earths  (iron oxides)ultramarine pigments (lapis lazuli) -  ultramarine, ultramarine green Organic Pigments biological pigments -  alizarin, alizarin crimson, gamboge, cochineal red, rose madder, indigo, Indian yellow, Tyrian purplenonbiological organic pigments -  quinacridone, magenta,  diarylide  yellow, phthalo blue, phthalo green, red 170

Canadian Monetary and Fiscal Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Canadian Monetary and Fiscal Policies - Essay Example Despite the challenges that have characterized the West in the recent past, the last two years have not really been a sad affair for Canada. Despite the economic recession that affected most countries across the world, the recovery process in the case of Canada has rather been a positive affair often realized from the economic trend in the country. In these post recession days, Canada has evidenced the highest economic growth rates in the G-7 economic block. Presently, Canada’s fiscal position is certainly the strongest amongst the G-7 countries and this helps to confirm the proper economic policies of the Canadian government in the recent past. The focus of the government in this regard is to ensure that the country remains attractive and economically stable for the purposes of investment and economic realization. The government’s Economic Action Plan, Budget 2011 was designed in a way to enhance and promote the financial strength of the families in Canada, to create a competitive tax system that attracts investment, to promote innovation and to bond the emerging trade relations between Canada and other countries. In any case, it has been realized that most of these policies have actually been realized in the process of economic recovery and the evidence relates to the fact that the country ranks the top in several economic respects across the world. Through the Economic Action Plan, the government has instituted various policies ad measures that have greatly benefited the country and continue to create positive economic impact on the face of the country. Through the plan, the government is committed to encourage the growth of skilled workforce in the economy through apprenticeships and skilled trades which are indeed churning out thousands of skilled works into the Canadian economy. Presently, the government invests over $40 million annually towards the new Apprenticeship Competition Grant (ACG) (Pasma 2012). This is in addition to the Apprentic eship Incentive Grant (AIG) which has been in existence for several years. Through these programs, it is realized that over 20,000 apprentices are rolled into the economy and get certified after the required period. The Canadian economic success has over the last two years largely depended on the country’s ability to export goods to other countries. While most countries in the West are trying to re-strategize and recover from the detrimental effects of the economic recession, the government of Canada’s main preoccupation has always been the need to create the positive and favorable economic climate in order to enhance and improve the balance of trade for the country. In this respect, Canada has an advantage over the rest of the countries owing to the various policies that have always existed and have greatly been advocated by the government in the last two years. For instance, the Canadian financial system is certainly the strongest in the world. The institutions and h ousehold in Canada are also some of the financially stable units in the industrialized world. All these positivities are basically a consequence of the economic orientation which the Canadian government has always pushed for over the decades. Upon the realization of the critical effects of the financial meltdown, the government was at the forefront in enhancing its fiscal measures so as to boost the growth of the economy and create a stronger economy that can easily withstand the strong waves of the economic