Formulate and implementation of research question following agreed procedures and to specifications Essay

How can Ferrero attract more customers to its brand therefore increasing its market share in Shanghai? Reason to choose this working titleï ¼Å¡ China’s economic development and social openness is growing, and larger imports of goods from abroad. Rising income levels and growing interest for western products have been driving chocolate confectionery demand in the last decades. With double-digit growth year after year, the market offers huge opportunities for development but also requires foreign companies the implementation of consistent marketing strategies and proper targeting to meet local consumers buying patterns. As for Ferrero, there are already many chocolate brands in China market, such as Dove and Mï ¼â€ M. So, it is really important to ensure the present strategy of Ferrero is appropriate for China market, and the methods of how to attract more customers. In order to appeal to more customers by enhancing Ferrero’s market sale in China becomes the mainly concept in my research. Background of Ferrero History of Ferrero In 1946, Pietro Ferrero invented a cream of hazelnuts and cocoa, derived from Gianduja and to be spread on bread, and called it Pasta Gianduja. Ferrero created the new company to produce and market it. Later on his sons became joint chief executives. Michele Ferrero modified his father’s recipe to produce Nutella, which was first sold in 1964 and has become popular around the world. The company places great emphasis on secrecy, reportedly to guard against industrial espionage. It has never held a press conference and does not allow media visits to its plants. Ferrero’s products are made with machines designed by an in-house engineering department. Products In addition to Nutella, Ferrero produces many other products, including Ferrero Rocher, Pocket Coffee, Mon Chà ©ri, Giotto, Confetteria Raffaello coconut cream candy, Hanuta chocolate hazelnut-filled wafers, the Kinder line of products, as well as the Tic Tac breath mints. Ferrero also produces the Kinder product series and The company received an innovation award for the frozen products called â€Å"Gran Soleil† in March 2011. The main background and related research content Ferrero is an Italian manufacturer of chocolate and other confectionery products. It was founded by confectioner Pietro Ferrero in 1946 in Alba, Piedmont, Italy. Reputation Institute’s 2009 survey ranks Ferrero as the most reputable company in the world. Ferrero is a private company owned by the Ferrero family and has been described as â€Å"one of the world’s most secretive firms†. The Ferrero Group worldwide – now headed by CEO Giovanni Ferrero – includes 38 trading companies, 18 factories and approximately 21,500 employees. Ferrero International SA’s headquarters is in Luxembourg. Its German factory is the largest of all and Pasquale Giorgio is its current CEO. High quality, crafted precision, product freshness, careful selection of the finest raw materials, respect and consideration for customers: these are Ferrero’s â€Å"key words† and values which have helped make its confectionery well-known and loved by millions of cons umers all over the world. And I will focus on how to attract consumers through the advantages of products for Ferrero in the competitive market. Purpose The aim of this essay is to conduct a market research to explore the opportunities that Ferrero can still exploit in the chocolate market in China. Moreover, the objective of my tentative research will be listed as follows. Theories and marketing concepts are used to analysis the Chinese consuming behavior, which plays a very important role in shaping the market of chocolate. Environment has to offer in relation to the features and the objectives of the company analyzed, the research focuses on the marketing strategy adopted by Ferrero in China. The evolution of its marketing approach is studied into details, in order to highlight what are the key success factors for Ferrero. Ferrero’s marketing tools, data collected from  the survey and a case study are applied to develop viable marketing strategies that aim to take full advantage of a market that offers considerable resources still unexplored by the company. Findings reveal that the possibilities for Ferrero to expand in t he market of chocolate for self-consumption in China are enormous. According to these, this essay is going to analysis the SWOT and PEST of Ferrero. And find out how Ferrero takes into consideration local consumers’ needs and wants in the formation of the marketing mix of its products. Scope Ferrero is an international company, and Corporation engages in a diverse range of businesses, so I just research the Ferrero’s market sale in China chocolate market. I will find out a theoretical review regarding the implementation of a complete and sound market analysis, executed through the application of theoretical models, information and data collected from appropriate and academic research and surveys conducted on the field. Besides, I am going to gather information from outside through questionnaire format to investigate local customers in two weeks. Not only hand out questionnaires to the public in the open, but also distribute them by e-mail or website. And I will interview some marketing personnel who worked in hypermarkets to perfect the information resources. Theoretical framework For the part of theoretical framework, SWOT and PEST will full-scale propose about advantage and disadvantage of Ferrero’s market sale in China. a) SWOT S: 1. Brand advantage: being the first company to introduce chocolate in the country soon after its reopening to the outside world, Ferrero succeeded in establishing its chocolate as a luxurious and exotic product. 2. Marketing benefit: do not have joint venture enterprises and manufacturers in China. Make the decision more flexible with fewer risks. 3. Source of origin in Europe: the country of origin is Italy. 4. Technological superiority: possesses of more than 60 years’ experience and advanced craft technology of making chocolate. 5. Quality advantage: regardless of cost, has always been sticking to the best natural raw material, including hazelnut, cocoa, and  coffee beans. W: 1. Sales disadvantage: there is no production factory in China, so it carries many time-consuming in the transport. 2. The price is too expensive. 3. Without some sort of specific policies: compared with China’s domestic brands of chocolate, Ferrero lack of government policies to protect its market sale. 4. The lack of brand management: copies are full of Chinese market. For example, intellectual property rights cases of Montresor (zhangjiagang) food co. Ltd. O: 1. The chocolate market in China has great development potential: Rising income levels and growing interest for western products have been driving chocolate confectionery demand in the last decades, the China chocolate market offers huge opportunities for development. 2. For competitors: for example, Leconte did not set up the premium brand image. And it is a opportunity for Ferrero. T: There are too much competitors in the chocolate high-end market; Ferrero has only a limited presence in China’s marketplace, which is 2.32%. b) PEST Political: China’s entry into the WTO, international trade and further strengthening of internal and external communication become more and more. Also it is the main reason that Ferrero can enter the Chinese market. Italy is in the European Union: In recent years, China trades more with the EU than any other partner. The products of Ferrero certified by SGS, food safety certification, IOS and GMP Economic: There is an expanding market in China for chocolate Cost-conscious Increasing of average Chinese income Social-cultural: Chinese customers become more health conscious Chocolate shows how people’s physical and cultural lives are changing Have been retained by Ferrero loyalty Technology: Strengthen the development of new tastes Continuous improvement in terms of chocolate preservation Growth of internet use to increase demand for online and mobile phone shopping Conclusion (size 14) (Insert conclusion text here – size 12) Recommendations (size 14) (Insert recommendations here in BULLET POINT FORMAT – size 12) List of references – Harvard References (size 16) (List references here in Harvard format – size 12) (If you are having problems with referencing – see your lecturer for guidance)

An essay on the first stanza of A game of chess Essay

Through calling this poem ‘A game of chess’, Eliot continues with the theme he starts in ‘The burial of the dead’ of people who are trapped in a wasteland and making no effort to escape it, so are therefore stuck like a those in a check-mate during a real game of chess. The title is also a reference to ‘Women beware women’ by Middletone, a story in which a mother-in-law is playing chess, unaware that each move she makes on the chess board is matched by a move in the seduction of her daughter-in-law by the duke in the story. The reference to Middleton’s ‘Women beware women’ gives a depiction of passion and lust which Eliot uses as a contrast in the poem. In the first stanza, Eliot describes a room that is elaborately decorated and filled with beautiful items such as, â€Å"Sevenbranched candelabra† and â€Å"Vials of ivory and coloured glass. † Even though the room is decorated expensively, through listing the expensive items, he devalues them using bathos and parodying the woman’s efforts to create a room that is full of amazing items and ending up devaluing them. He compares the lady’s room to Imogen’s bedroom in ‘Cymbeline,’ through the mention of cupids, symbols of love. To stress the fact that although the woman has them, they are not full of life like the ones in Imogen’s bedroom. The woman in the room, a metaphor for people in the wasteland, is completely artificial and Eliot shows us that he disapproves of this through his comparison of her with people, such as Cleopatra, who are symbols of true art and passion. He writes, â€Å"The Chair she sat in, like a burnished throne† in reference to the line from Shakespeare’s ‘Antony and Cleopatra’ that says, â€Å"The barge she sat in, like a burnished throne. † By doing this, Eliot compares Cleopatra, described as being of ‘infinite variety’ to the woman which stresses the fact that she is both artificial and sterile. Also, in the lady’s room is an ornamental carv(d dolphin which Eliot mocks as the dolphin was a medieval symbol of love and something Cleopatra used to describe Antony, yet the woman has it in her sterile room which is empty of love. Eliot feels that the woman’s existence violates that of those in myth. He shows this using references to Ovid’s story of Philomel. A mythical woman who was transformed into a nightingale, after her tongue was removed by her brother in-law king Tereus, to prevent her from telling others that he raped her. He tells of how she cried, â€Å"Jug, jug. † But how it falls on â€Å"dirty ears† because people in the wasteland cannot understand and therefore continue to stay in their ways and therefore commit sins as bad as Tereus’ actions. Through the story, Eliot shows that true passion is not easy to obtain and like Tiresias, Philomel had to be violated before she could receive an â€Å"inviolable voice†. Not only is the room full of lifeless art, it is also an eerie and disturbing place. We are told that the room is infused with colour as it mentions, â€Å"Sea wood fed with copper. † A chemical reaction that, â€Å"Burned green and orange. † The use of a chemical reaction reminds us that the room is very man-made and unnatural. This idea is re-enforced by, â€Å"Strange and synthetic perfume. † All of these things create a stuffy atmosphere, almost blinding because of the bright colours. The presence of the chemical suggests a lack of fresh air and suggests that this woman would be having trouble breathing another sign that she is barely existing and not truly alive. The nightmare setting created in ‘A game of chess’, is an example of the world as Eliot sees it. A capitalist world filled with passionless people who he feels merely exist to fulfil their temporary and carnal desire. He criticises the woman as rather than trying to escape, she masks the atmosphere with her perfumes. He also makes references to â€Å"the Sylvan scene† from ‘A paradise lost’ by Milton accompanied with the, â€Å"Standards wrought with fruit vines† to show what seems like an effort made by the woman to try to turn the room from hell into a paradise. But tells that she fails, beginning her descent into madness shown later in the poem. Eliot creates this room as a nightmare of the woman and then tells of how she is trapped in it, even though she tries to communicate with the outside world so desperately that even, â€Å"her hair, Spread out in fiery points, Glowed into words† revealing her desperation to communicate with the outside world.

Bipolar Disorder 2

Bipolar Disorder 2 Essay Bipolar affective disorder has been a mystery since the 16th century. History has shown that this disorder can appear in almost anyone. Even the great painter Vincent Van Gogh is believed to have had bipolar disorder. It is clear that in our society many people live with bipolar disorder; however, despite the amount of people suffering from it, we are still waiting for explanations for the causes and cure. The one fact of which we are aware is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational success. Because bipolar disorder has such debilitating symptoms, it is important that we keep looking for explanations of its causes and for more ways to treat this disorder. Bipolar has a large variety of symptoms, divided in two categories. One is the manic episodes, the other is depressive. The depressive episodes are characterized by intense feelings of sadness and despair that can turn into feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. Some of the symptoms of a depressive episode include disturbances in sleep and appetite, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness, guilt, difficulty thinking, indecision, and reoccurring thoughts of death and suicide. The manic episodes are characterized by elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, poor judgment and insight, and often reckless or irresponsible behavior. These episodes may alternate with profound depressions characterized by a deep sadness, almost inability to move, hopelessness, and disturbances in appetite, sleep, problems with concentrations and driving. Bipolar affective disorder affects approximately one percent of the population (approximately three million people) in the United States. It occurs in both males and females.Bipolar disorder is diagnosed if an episode of mania occurs whether depression has been diagnosed or not. Most commonly, individuals with manic episodes do experience a period of depression. Symptoms include elated, excited, or irritable mood, hyperactivity, pressure of speech, flight of ideas, inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, distractibility, and excessive involvement in reckless activities. As the National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association (MDMDA) has found out in their research, bipolar disorder can create marital and family disruptions, occupational setbacks, and financial disasters. Many times, bipolar patients report that the depressions are longer and increase in frequency as the person ages. Many timess bipolar states and psychotic states are misdiagnosed as schizophrenia. The onset of Bipolar disorder usually occurs between the ages of 20 and 30 years of age, with a second peak in the mid-forties for women. A typical bipolar patient may experience eight to ten episodes in their lifetime. However, those who have rapid cycling may experience more episodes of mania and depression that follow each other without a period of remission. The three stages of mania begin with hypomania, in which patients report that they are energetic, extroverted and assertive. Hypomania progresses into mania and the transition is marked by extreme loss of judgment. Often, euphoric grandiose characteristics are displayed, and paranoid or irritable characteristics begin. The third stage of mania is evident when the patient experiences paranoid delusions. Speech is generally rapid and hyperactive behavior sometimes turns into violence. Sometimes both manic and depressive symptoms occur at the same time. This is called a mixed episode. Those affected are at special risk because there is a combination of hopelessness, agitation, and anxiety that make them feel like they could jump out of their skin. Up to 50% of all patients with mania have a mixture of depressed moods. Patients report feeling dysphoric, depressed, and unhappy; yet, they have the energy associated with mania. Rapid cycling mania is another form of bipolar disorder. Mania may be present with four or more episodes within a 12 month period. Lithium has been the primary treatment of bipolar disorder since its introduction in the 1960s. Its main function is to stabilize the cycling characteristic of bipolar disorder. In four controlled studies by F. K. Goodwin and K. R. Jamison, the overall response rate for bipolar subjects treated with Lithium was 78% (1990). Lithium is also the primary drug used for long- term maintenance of bipolar disorder. In a .

Annotated Bibliography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Annotated Bibliography - Research Paper Example The web also helps in the presentation of the relevant information to the people participating in the research work. The article studies 22 traits in various genes and identification of the novel relations for the hair morphology. The studies have revealed that most of the human, physical characteristics such as hair morphology can indeed be inherited from the parent organisms. A survey had been carried out for many people, and together with the company’s examinations, participants revealed associations in certain Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Sheka, Sri N. et al. (2008). Linkage and Association Analysis of Spectrophotometrically Quantified Hair Color in Australian Adolescents: the Effect of OCA2 and HERC. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 128, 2807–2814. The article provides the results of investigation by the Genetic Epidemiology unit in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It shows how the genetic studies of pigmentation have benefited from the spectrophotometric measures of light to dark hair color. The article insists on having accurate reference measurements when carrying out any studies concerning the variations due to the genetic influences. According to the studies, the investigations concerning the hair color have turned to the spectrophotometric measurements, as well as the biochemical quantification. In using spectrophotometric methods, a wavelength of 650nm is used as it has the greatest power to differentiate the different amounts of dermal melanin. The associations were analyzed that the OCA2 and HERC2 to determine the allele difference in various populations. However, the spectrophotometric method cannot be said to be a confirmation therefore, further methods should be carried out to determine the complement of genes infl uencing hair color. The study also should determine if the spectrophotometry has any importance over prepared ratings. The study also quantifies the amount of pigments for the light and dark

Character analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Character analysis - Essay Example Scout, at the initiation of the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird is depicted as an innocent and naà ¯ve girl who is only five years old. She knows nothing about the malevolent acts of people and is deprived of any knowledge pertaining to evil aspects of the world. When she listens about Boo Radley along with her brother Jem and her friend Dill, she gets frightened and considers him criminal minded as she narrates in her story, She shows a prejudiced attitude related to Boo Radley, who continuously shows kindness and care to her, Jem and Dill. She is able to end her fear because of frequent experiences with Boo as in chapter 26, Scout mentions, With Scout’s maturity, she is able to see Boo according to his true personality. She has lost her fear in him. She knew that Boo was innocent and has a kind personality, as he has done nothing bad to anything and is only a victim of rumors and false information. Scout is quite an intelligent child and is better than her class fellows in terms of her learning. Before getting admission in her class, she is well equipped with knowledge, as she is always interested to accompany her father in reading. When she shows her learned knowledge in her class, in place of being appreciated, she is insulted as her teacher in spite of her constant refusal related to her knowledge acquirement by the help of her father asks her to stop getting education from her father because it is erroneous. Scout endures the distaste felt by Mrs. Caroline and still shows concern towards her as at her upsetting, she says: Tom Robinson who was accused of raping a white woman was considered as an innocent person by Scout due to which, she tried to support him in the court. Although, Tom Robinson was announced guilty but Scout knew that it was only due to racial prejudice by the white people. She says, She knows that Tom Robinson is wrongly found guilty and will be

Learning Theory Applications Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Learning Theory Applications - Research Paper Example They looked at the major themes in history and let students relate it to their own lives, allowing each student’s culture to be part of the curriculum. Dean and Gilbert took the roles as facilitators during the activity. Students analyzed the information, talked about the text, related it to their personal lives and thus, created meaningful learning experiences in the class. Yvonne Scott used the butterfly project which allowed students to plan among each other their roles based on their interest and strengths. The students created â€Å"departments,† and the class was run like a business/company. Suggestion: Not all students were able to express their ideas, and there were just quite a number who dominated the exchange of opinions. Working in small groups and making sure that everyone speaks at the beginning can encourage more students to participate in the discussion. Avram Barlow recreates the zeitgeist at the time when the laws were created and makes the students put themselves in the shoes of the law makers and civilians, and let them express their opinions and feelings about these laws. Barlow clarifies and rephrases the ideas put forth by the students. This form of feedback validates what they said, and ensures that students that they are listened to. Barlow also makes sure that they stay within the questions and objectives of the discussion. He restates the questions when it appears that they are getting off topic. Shaheen acknowledges students vary in the assistance that they need. He is more confident of students who take notes during discussion and those who take risks. He gave tips on how a student gives feedback and demonstrates how this will be helpful to her peer. Suggestion: Students who are not very comfortable may not initially want to work in groups. Paired work may be given first while gradually moving into small groups. This initially establishes mutual trust and a safe

Managing health and safety at work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managing health and safety at work - Essay Example The second piece of legislation ‘The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999’ whose main requirement is that employers ought to carry out risk assessments to eliminate or reduce risks. Those who employ five or more people should record the significant findings of a risk assessment. It is however not a requirement that insignificant risks should be recorded. Section 2 of The Health and Safety at Work Act, 1974 places a duty on employers to ensure the health, safety and welfare of employees. This should be done as far as is reasonably practicable. Employers are also required to consult with safety representatives from trade unions on matters to do with health and safety in the place of work. Employers who have more than five employees are required to have a written health and safety policy which should be brought to that attention of the employees. This section places a burden upon the manager not only to prepare a health and safety policy but it is clear that it is to be brought to the attention of the employees and it is trite that employees should know its contents. Consultations with trade union representatives are also mandatory. Section 4 places a duty on any person who is responsible for the place of work to make sure that the work premises, plant and machinery do not pose any danger the people who use the same. As a manager, one is required to ensure that the plant and machinery are properly maintained and thus when they are put to use, whoever is using them cannot be exposed to any harm while performing his or her responsibilities. The section could also require that the manager ensure that the employees are properly dressed and observe the laid down safety regulations at the work place (Stuhlmacher & Douglas, 2001). A competent person in the context of health and safety is one who has gone through some formal training and in addition has experience working with other people in a health and safety position. Such a person has a good grasp of safety systems of work and is able to carry out safety audits. A competent person will be able to recognize and control hazards, write risk assessments and maintain records. A competent person will be able to deal in an effective manner with the management as well as other members of staff in matters to do with safety in and out of the place of work. Such a person should be acquainted with information about the latest legislation which pertains to health and safety. A competent person would also be the one who passes such information to his employer and also to his fellow employees without any undue delays and does it in a good manner. Maintain a good knowledge of the latest legislation covering health and safety and pass that on to employees and their employer. A competent person should also have record over a period of time of successfully carrying out their Health and Safety responsibilities. This encompasses their actions in response to such situations and also expectation and discernment of potential threats and taking quick measure steps to forestall the occurrence any problem. For one to be competent they should also know what their limitations are and thus deal with those situations they can handle otherwise they should alert more competent authorities. One of the ways

What is football hooliganism and what social factors underlie it Essay

What is football hooliganism and what social factors underlie it - Essay Example â€Å"Football hooliganism is seen by most to mean violence and/or disorder involving football fans. However there are two very specific types of disorder that have been labeled hooliganism: (a) Spontaneous and usually low level disorder caused by fans at or around football matches (the type that typically occurs at England away matches), and (b) Deliberate and intentional violence involving organized gangs (or firms) who attach themselves to football clubs and fight firms from other clubs, sometimes a long way in time and space from a match.† (Pearson, 2007) Media has always been actively involved in covering disruptions at football matches and tournaments. Media has played a vital rule in making the general public aware of the concept football hooliganism. Media also takes particular interest in reporting events of football hooliganism as these sensational stories are what the audience really wants to hear. Theses events give tabloids exciting happening events involving violence to report about and such stories increases their magazine or newspapers circulation. Therefore, media has been criticized time and again for playing an integral part in provoking football hooliganism. â€Å"Many researchers, and many non-academic observers, have argued that this sensationalism, together with a predictive approach whereby violence at certain matches is anticipated by the media, has actually contributed to the problem.† (SIRC) â€Å"Hooligan formations provide their members with a sense of belonging, mutual solidarity and friendship. Narratives of hooligans reveal how group members claim to ‘look after one another’ and stick together through thick and thin†. (Spaaij, 2006) â€Å"Higher the emotional involvement (represented by high score on the emotionality subscale) the person has with the team, the more likely the individual will cause or participate in incidents.† (Petrà ³czi et al., n.d) â€Å"There are several theories, but most sociologists maintain that

Old Guard and Avant-garde Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Old Guard and Avant-garde - Essay Example This essay discusses that John Cage professed radicalism in his compositions through his early years. John Cage had several interests in his pursuit of artistic life. For instance, it is worthy to note that Cage enrolled in a creative writing institution. He later drops out of the same while explaining that the institution utilized few texts in writing. The incident of the creative writing institution was a manifestation of someone who easily got dissatisfied with repeating others’ ideas. At the same time, he respected their creations. In addition, Cage began piano lessons in his childhood days while never declaring that he possessed an interest in the same. Such an early disinterest might have expressed later as an exceptional creativity in his works. Cage even tried his brains on Greek architecture until he got bored of the same. Despite Cage’s new concepts, he had earlier influences that triggered his interest in composition. During his stay in Europe, he had an infl uence from John Sebastian and Igor Stravinsky. Cage’s universal appeal in his compositions might have been derived from his traveling experiences. His other interests included painting and theater. His most relevant moments of his genius are explicit in his study period with Schoenberg. Schoenberg later described Cage as an inventor rather than a composer. Cage’s life is evident of adventure that goes beyond music. In this article, it is vital to highlight his musical experiments. Cage defined everything as music. This illustrates the use of silence. (Bernstein & Hatch, 2001). This illustrates by the use of silence to create the 4.33 composition. In this composition, he requires the listener to listen to sound of the background. Cage commenced experiments by employing different equipments as musical instruments. He used domestic items such as spoons, plates and sheets (Nicholls, 2002). He later taught and continued exploring, on non-musical objects, to enhance composit ions. The flow is a piano sound. It is void of the pressure of earlier compositions as it oozes out. John Cage displays his experimentation skills by utilizing single instruments for whole compositions. The composition of sonatas and interludes provides a unique articulation. It entails four sonatas that precede one interlude. The pattern repeats itself with four sonatas and one interlude. This follows a pattern of mirroring effect. It composes of a ten-unit structure that exists in the proportion of 3-2-2-2. An example is sonata-four that gives a measurement of one hundred. Cage employs the instruments to fit in the overall structure rather than the microstructure (Nicholls, 2002). This displays a new structure that Cage tries to infuse into a composition. Previous compositions entailed the same that strived to engage musical

Effects of gambling Essay Example for Free

Effects of gambling Essay Most people with gambling problems say they lost control over how much time and money they spend gambling. Meanwhile, they ignored other responsibilities. For them, gambling is an activity that are important to them. Those who gamble excessively often bring problems for the one they love. The effects of gambling can be classified into individuals, family and the society. Each of them had different aspect. With the problems that been brought by those gamblers, they brought many troubles to many peoples. They considered as an ignoble person. The effects that affected an individual are normally harm themselves. Once a gambler lose in a gamble, they will become anxious and unhappy, and often hate themselves very much. Therefore, they will do something stupid like borrow money from those loan sharks, commit suicide and even involved in some criminal cases such as robbery, murder, etc. The urge of gamble is hard to resists because of the reason they win continuosly. Once they won one time, they will continue to gamble to win more to satisfy their satisfaction. If once they lose, they will not give up easily due to they cannot accept the fact they had lose and scared to be a loser. Therefore, they will never give up any chance to gamble if there are just an uncertain chance to win. Some people still believe their system will pay off, their luck will change or they are due to win. Some people promised to quit gamble, but they cannot, but they afraid their love one will find them out. This drives them into fear and further into debt. In addition to, a gambler will also harm themselves because of gambling. All the gamblers face different problems, mainly like divorce, debt collection by those loan sharks, suffer from illness, many hassles in different aspects. Other than individuals, there are effects that affected family. Gambling problems hurt families in many ways, such as money problems. Money problems defined as family members that knew that savings, property or belongings have been lost, it can make them feel angry, betrayed and anxious. Through this problem, it caused family breakdown and caused the children to be in a single parent family. By the way, gamble will cause emotional problems and isolation. Gambling problems cause strong feelings among family members, which make it harder to solve problems. The partners of those gambler that is with problems do not want to get close with them because they the gambler hurt them. Due to this problem, it caused divorce and break up. In other hand, family members will avoid from other people because they felt ashamed of their family member that gamble excessively and they had been backstabbed by many people. Physical and mental health is another effect. The stress of gambling problems sometimes causes health problems. A person that gamble excessively will had health problems, same to their family members. This included anxiety, depression and stress-related problems like insomnia, ulcer, headaches and many illness that will strongly impact their health. Burnout also is one of the effect that affected a personal. Many families under stress have trouble coping. They often cope cause of money and the family member dislike the gambler. The gambler keep on taking more tasks will lead to burnout too. Once the plan that the gambler planned had fail, this will lead to causing problems. Family members often forget to take care themselves or to have fun. Gambling will bring great impacts on children. A family that with a gambler parent that with gamble problem will always let the children feel forgotten, depressed and anxious. The parent gamble all the time, therefore they will not put more attention on their children but on gamble. Some children may stop trusting their parents due to the unfaithfulness, but some children may draw attention away from the parent with gambling problem by misbehaving. Nowadays, the society also been affected by the problems of gambling. The unsteady of economic is one of the reason. Due to the bankruptcy of a personal will affected the economic growth. In addition, during the time of economic success, casinos tend to take labour supply away from neighbouring business. Casinos offer higher wages, hence many employees from other business such as restaurant, saloon will leave the neighbouring business and work for casinos. Customers that are normally went to the restaurant now instead go to the casino for foods. This demonstrates how not all growth by a casino can be attributed as economic growth, sometimes casinos merely transfer growth from other businesses into their own. It would never dawn on them that the casino itself would never pay out more than it brings in. There would not be many people are lucky enough to win big, maybe just one in a million. The others are just donating money to their cause. On the extreme side, people have committed suicide because their lives have totally been turned upside down due to the addiction. Due to commit suicide, the society might lose some genius, talents to develop the country. In addition, gambling will cause our country to be in a extinct situation because of gambling, therefore will affected family problems. Due to bankruptcy, it caused many people to face unemployment and because of this, it will affect the growth of economic. Once the gamblers put all their efforts into gambling, it will affect their working efficiency. When they had addicted to gambling, they will not have the effort to work. It will greatly affect the firm businesses, therefore the head of the firm will remove the post of the gambler and asked the worker to resign by themselves. Because of this, it caused many unemployment in the country. There are few ways that building a casino could result in no increased benefits for the region. Examples like, local residents who used to go to restaurants now spend their money in the casino. Then the casino has no net economic benefit. Other than this, tourists who used to spend money on other activities within the region now go to a gambling facility within the region. In addition, to have many casinos in our country, it will greatly affected neighbouring business. Locally-owned businesses go bankrupt because consumers have changed their expenditures to casinos that happen to be owned by out-of-state interests. A casino buy more products from out of state than the businesses they replace, therefore it had brought great impact to the local business. Besides that, Casinos result in increased social costs including police and other public services as well as the costs of pathological and problem gamblers. These issues will be addressed shortly. This will affect the tourism in a same time.

Courage Cowardice Bravery

Courage Cowardice Bravery ‘Private Peaceful: a critical study. The theme of bravery is contrasted with cowardice. Discuss. ‘Courage and ‘cowardice words that adorn the front cover of the book: ‘Private Peaceful by Michael Morpurgo and it is this theme that I intend to examine. Throughout the novel bravery is contrasted with that of cowardice and although they represent opposite ends of the spectrum, at times it proves impossible to untangle one from the other and we are left in a state of confusion as to the exact meaning of these terms. When we stop to consider bravery and cowardice it is invariably in the physical form bravery, where a person bodily performs a spectacular feat without hesitation or fear that they themselves may suffer harm; cowardice where a person is too afraid to move or act in a confrontational situation. Throughout the novel we are presented with many examples of this type of bravery and cowardice, which I will expand on later. However, bravery and cowardice can also be considered from a moral perspective. Moral heroism is when a staunch and resolute stance is taken, irrespective of the views of others, whilst moral cowardice is where a person is too frightened or weak to disobey or even question authority. Morpurgo fails to give us his definition of the terms cowardice and bravery and as I have already stated, at times it proves difficult to unravel and disentangle the two. The novel Private Peaceful is a poignant story of a young soldier who is reminiscing about his life. The novel which yo-yos between the present and the past, is written in the first person narrative through Tommos eyes (one of the protagonists), and to begin with we have a childs perspective whilst at the end, it is a young adult being reflective. Dramatic art is used in a simplistic manner to create a powerful and heart rending story. Morpurgos handling of bravery and cowardice is not prejudiced by the fact that the book will be read by schoolchildren as well as adults. The regiments camp is a pitiful place perched on the edge of ‘no-mans-land and it is through the use of imagery that the horrendous squalor and rancid conditions that the soldiers had to endure in the trenches and dugouts are vividly depicted. We acknowledge that men who are able to survive such conditions are undeniably brave soldiers. Indeed, Morpurgo manages to convey the terror and ferocity of warfare witho ut the need to be too explicit when detailing the carnage; all of which would be unsuitable for the younger readers. The novel makes compelling reading through our ability to become emotionally involved with the characters. It is through our ability to empathise that we can start to decipher the irony of bravery and cowardice depicted within the novel. The novel is full of emotion and atmosphere where Tommo is determined to recall every incident that has happened to him. The reader is left to ponder the relevance and importance of such a need and it is during this vigil that the concepts of bravery and cowardice as established, bureaucratic principles are exposed and discussed. The novel ends with a poignant postscript which highlights the plight of 290 British and Commonwealth soldiers who were court-martialled and sentenced to death by execution for alleged cowardice. It would appear that no humanitarian rationale (such as these soldiers being traumatised by the ravages of war), has been taken into consideration and therefore it could be contested that they had received an unfair trial. It also highlights the British governments failure to award posthumous pardons to these soldiers. The inclusion of this postscript establishes the books political agenda and the significance of Charlies story and unwarranted capital punishment. Mo rpurgo has developed a juxtaposed situation where a hero has been produced only to be executed by his own regiment for cowardice. The notion of people dying in war to no avail emulates the harsh cynicism of the war poet Wilfred Owen who wrote: â€Å"The old Lie; Dulce et Decorum est Pro patria mori†. (War Poems Manuscripts of Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum est) In the novel, one of the protagonists is shot, not during combat, but at the mercy of those he has stood shoulder to shoulder with on the battlefield. This gives a harrowing and heart rending effect to this cynicism. For many people, death in war is irrational and pointless but death by those that are on your own side is absurd. Throughout Owens poem, ‘The Hero, contempt for the notion of ‘devotion to duty, is interspersed with a harsh but realistic representation of life on the frontline. Another World War One poet who shares the same sentiments as Owen, is that of Siegfried Sassoon. Likewise, there are similarities between his wartime experiences and those found in this novel. Sassoon, single-handed seized a German trench, was decorated with medals for bravery and sustained war injuries. He defied orders to return to the war zone following his recovery from injury but, unlike Charlie Peaceful, Sassoon was fortunate enough not to be court-martialled; instead he was sent to a hospital to recuperate. Ideological parallels exist between Sassoon and Morpurgos views on bravery and cowardice where both men can be considered to have a contemptuous attitude with regard to patriotism. The novel exposes how many people, automatically associate death during wartime with the concept of heroism. It stems from the notion that soldiers die whilst defending their country and family. However, it is the fear of cowardice that impels Tommo to sign up to go to war. The old womans teasing makes him resolute: â€Å"I had to prove myself. I had to prove myself to myself† (p.103), only to realize and discover that war has very little to do with bravery. When Charlie and Tommo pass another regiment returning from the front line, they do not consider them as victorious heroes but â€Å"haunted and hunted† (p.124) individuals. Whilst on patrol duty in the trenches, Tommo remarks that courage is not about heroic acts but instead, possessing the skill not to show your fear (p.127). He even acknowledges that the Germans are â€Å"are brave too. They do not falter† (p.140). Morpurgo does recognise and acknowledge that soldiers out on the battlefield are brave, but he proposes that true heroism manifests itself through camaraderie. After a successful attack, Tommo remarks: â€Å"I feel a surge of triumph inside me, not because we have won, but because I have stood with the others.†(p.140). It can be considered that by the time we finish the novel, Tommo fulfils his need to be brave, but this is achieved not through strength of mind and character, but instead by a betrayal of those in charge and a breaking of his inner spirit: â€Å"taken away our spirit, drained the last of our strength, destroyed our hope† (p.161). Although it is important to be able to identify the difference between ‘institutionalised bravery and a persons heroic action, the concept of bravery and cowardice becomes increasingly problematic as the novel progresses. Morpurgo fails to actually define the terms bravery and cowardice but instead opts to expose their complexities through the two protagonists, Charlie and Tommo. The two brothers personify two juxtaposed characters where Charlie is motivated by courage and impetuosity, whereas Tommo is constrained by fear and restraint. These contrasting roles are implanted from the very onset of the novel as we learn about the brothers experiences from childhood through to life in the war zone. The novel allows us to make an analogy between the terrors that Tommo suffers when he attends school for the first time, to that which he experiences on the frontline. Tommo fails to differentiate between the two feelings and repeatedly equates being afraid with that of being a coward which will result in subsequent disgrace. For him it is impossible to demarcate between acceptable anxiety and irrational fear. The start of the novel informs us about the apprehensiveness of Tommo on his first day at school along with the considered concerns of loss of innocence and change (p.8). We understand Tommo to be a shy, thoughtful and pensive person. A shy temperament is not indicative of a coward, but Tommo is powerless to interpret and comprehend it in any other way, because it is always in contrast with Charlies. As readers we progressively realize that the concept that determines a heroic action or decides whether a person can be classified as being ‘brave is down to individual perception. : Tommo perceives Charlie as â€Å"the bravest brother in the world† (p.24), whilst he sees himself as being plagued by fear. Tommo is under the delusion that having the self assurance to confront a person or problem is equivalent to bravery, especially as this is the mode that Charlies bravery takes. Tommo admires and commends Charlie for not only confronting, but also for defying authority at school, he goes head-to-head with Jimmy Parsons in the school playground, brazenly admits to the Colonels face that he stole his foxhound, and he is insubordinate when he defies Sergeant Hanley. This impulsiveness and impetuosity is balanced by Charlies feelings of dignity and pride, as exemplified by his honourable silences when caned by Mr Munnings (p.24) or smiling at Tommo as he displayed fortitude during the punishment inflicted by Sergeant Hanley (p.118). These inner qualities originate from Charlie‘s self determination, fortitude and will-power, as well as from his moral principles. His moral judgements and beliefs as to what is right and wrong often underlie his actions and behaviour. Repeatedly we see Charlie protecting the victim or underdog Bertha the old bloodhound, Big Joe his autistic brother, Molly the girl he loves and of course Tommo who causes his final demise. Charlies execution is the result of his refusal to leave his wounded brother on the battle-field, as well as for openly refuting Sergeant Hanleys orders. Charlie considered Hanleys orders to be imprudent and irrational, so he chose to defy them (p.172). Throughout the novel it is apparent how Tommo has great admiration for his brave brother in whose â€Å"glow† (p.127) he lives in; but as a reader it is important in addition, to consider ones own perspective of bravery. Tommo lacks Charlies impetuosity, recklessness and die-hard temperament and it is these traits that Tommo is in awe of. Tommo believes that these qualities, which he himself lacks, are what makes his brother brave. Charlies impulsiveness is always judged as being a positive quality never negative. It is this acceptance of Charlies bravery without any questioning, which echoes his reticence and powerlessness to make a distinction as to whether his own actions are brave or cowardly. When Jimmy Parsons calls Big Joe names, Tommy: â€Å"discovered that sometimes youve got to stand up for yourself and fight for whats right, even when you dont want to.† (p.22). Tommo fails to recognise that this stance that he took was a brave action. Although Tommo perpetually manages to conquer his early qualms and insecurities, throughout the novel, he fails to acknowledge or give recognition to his achievements. The novel opens with Tommo fearing school but no reference is made to this again, and similarly when he finally plucks up courage to take off all his clothes to go swimming in Okement Pool, or after he manages to talk to Anna from the estaminet, there is no acceptance that he has been courageous. Similarly, even though he has managed to overcome these fears, Tommo never considers himself as brave for even when he is victorious on the battle field, he views it pessimistically. Tommo believes his actions are defying cowardice as opposed to an act of bravery: â€Å"I feel a surge of triumph welling inside me, not because we have won, but because I have stood with the others. I have not run.† (p.140) Tommo fails to accept that he consciously made the decision to stay rather than abscond. Tommo has no self esteem and no confidence in his own abilities. Our observations of Tommo as a coward, is for the most part, at his own admission. Tommos perception and interpretation of his own fear as being that of a coward has been primarily shaped by a harrowing incident, where fear of death made his legs freeze and â€Å"incapable of movement† (p.14). The result was that Tommos father demonstrated the ultimate act of bravery by surrendering his own personal life for his son. When a falling tree is about to crush Tommo, James Peaceful manages to reach the child and push him out of the way, crushing him instead. Tommo blames himself for his fathers death because he was too afraid to move when danger loomed and he has shown more cowardice by not being brave enough to tell anyone the exact circumstances to his fathers death. Nevertheless, fear for Tommo metamorphoses from a weakness to an indispensable asset, as exemplified when he is on sentry duty in the trenches. It is fe ar that gives Tommo the power to stay awake all night and in doing so, it transforms into a strength. Ultimately, the novel is as much Tommos tragedy as Charlies. Charlies heroic temperament and innate bravery is scarred by being found guilty and convicted of cowardice. On the other hand, Tommos introspective temperament is shattered, and although he is involved in heroic feats they are not perceived as being brave because they come from hopelessness (p.163). When Tommo contemplates deserting even his â€Å"courage to be a coward had evaporated† (p.161). Indeed, Tommos perceptions of bravery do not coincide with the mundane concepts of bravery. We have already noted that he regards staying with his battalion as cowardly compliance. Tommo, on the other hand, considers that desertion would represent true bravery because it necessitates insubordination to authority coupled with courage for any punitive reprisals that may be inflicted. Morpurgo infers, without overtly stating, that cowards are not those that are afraid, which is how Tommo misguidedly perceives it, but, are those that prey on the weak and take advantage of their vulnerability. In the novel, the cowards are: the colonel who would have no reservations about evicting a widow and her three children and threatens to shoot a harmless old dog, an aunt that maltreats a child with learning difficulties, a vindictive sergeant who intimidates and persecutes his troops to attain power. So who are the true heroes of the novel? These can be identified as Charlie, Tommo, Mother, Molly and Sergeant Wilke, all of whom were committed to shielding those who were more vulnerable than themselves. The novels underlying message on individual bravery is implicit from the first page. When Tommo nervously sets off to school for the first time, Charlie takes him by the hand and reassures him that all will be alright and it is Molly who helps restore self confidence when she shows him how to tie his shoelaces. Morpurgo illustrates how friendship and camaraderie are the essential ingredients to conquer fear and generate bravery. The nursery rhyme ‘Oranges and Lemons, is a theme which surfaces when there is a dilemma or a situation of conflict. When sung it unites families, friends and troops who are all trying to overcome fear in the face of adversity. Within the novel, bravery and cowardice are presented as a paradox. We are left to decide whether it is braver to conform, obey rules and orders and so become a model soldier or whether it is braver to listen to and follow ones own inner beliefs. Charlie and Tommo represent each of the questions, Tommo the first and Charlie the second. However, throughout the novel both brothers exhibit their own mode of bravery and neither can be considered a coward. This corroborates the belief that how a person perceives bravery and cowardice is personal and does not follow an institutionalized ideal. In the end, Tommo survives not through fearlessness but because he has promises to keep and a family to protect. This brave view is in marked contrast to the Tommo we met at the start of the novel who was weak and afraid. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Morpurgo, M. (2003), Private Peaceful, HarperCollins Private Peaceful by Michael Morpurgo www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/secondary/keystage3/downloads/en_novel_privatepeaceful.doc (Accessed on 23rd February) Private Peaceful, (Durrington High School) http://www.tes.co.uk/resources/Resource.aspx?resourceId=473sitestat=resourcebank.from.search_results (Accessed on 23rd February) The Thin Line Between Bravery and Cowardice in the Things They Carried www.researchover.com/termpaper/The_Thin_Line_Between_Br (Accessed on 23rd February) War Poems Manuscripts of Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum est, http://www.hcu.ox.ac.uk/jtap/warpoems.htm#12 (Accessed on 23rd February) http://www.quotationsbook.com/quote/7973/ (Accessed on 11th March) http://www.talkingpointsmemo.com/archives/003321.php(Accessed on 11th March)

AIDS In Africa :: Disease Research Papers AIDS

AIDS in Africa Spreading rampant throughout the African continent, AIDS is killing any and all who cross its path. â€Å"As the death toll from AIDS recedes in America, Africa is reeling from an epidemic of Biblical proportions. South of the Sahara, AIDS is worse than anywhere else in the world, and this catastrophe is transforming the continent forever† (Schoofs part 5). Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, better known as AIDS â€Å"is a virus that weakens the immune system and subjects the patient to opportunistic diseases such as pneumonia and tuberculosis. The virus is transmitted through the exchange of body fluids, primarily semen, blood, and blood products†¦it can be prevented by having protected sex†¦AIDS is a problem throughout the world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa† (DeSalle 238). It is an unbiased killer that threatens the African population. With very little education, parentless children, and cultural and societal beliefs, AIDS continues to run havoc on th e continent of Africa. â€Å"Only 10 percent of the world's population lives south of the Sahara, but the region is home to two-thirds of the world's HIV-positive people, and it has suffered more than 80 percent of all AIDS deaths†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Last year, the combined wars in Africa killed 200,000 people, and in sub-Saharan Africa alone 3.8 million people became infected with the disease while another 2.4 million died; totaling 25.3 million people who are living with AIDS in Africa (Schoofs part 1, Carey). One main reason for the severity of these numbers is due to the lack of education of the African people. With little or no education, people do not truly understand the consequences of unprotected sex and sex with multiple partners. African girls are not sent to school because it is too expensive and most are only going to get married and have children. The males who go to school learn that they are the breadwinners of the family and that they control what goes on in the house. The lack of education poses an astronomical problem in Africa and is the major reason for the spread of AIDS. Since people are uneducated about birth control, they do not use condoms; those who are aware of it either do not have access to condoms or cannot afford them. Without education or access to condoms, AIDS will continue its devastation throughout the African continent. â€Å"In apartheid South Africa, blacks were either not educated at all or taught only enough to be servants.

Claude McKays If We Must Die Essay -- essays research papers fc

Claude McKay's If We Must Die One of the most influential writers of the Harlem Renaissance was Jamaican born Claude McKay, who was a political activist, a novelist, an essayist and a poet. Claude McKay was aware of how to keep his name consistently in mainstream culture by writing for that audience. Although in McKay’s arsenal he possessed powerful poems. The book that included such revolutionary poetry is Harlem Shadows. His 1922 book of poems, Harlem Shadows, Barros acknowledged that this poem was said by many to have inaugurated the Harlem Renaissance. Throughout McKay’s writing career he used a lot of dialect and African American vernacular in his writing, which was rather controversial at the time. Writing in dialect wasn’t considered proper for writing formal literature. For this paper I chose the poem â€Å"If We Must Die†, one of his strongest political poem included in Harlem Shadows. The subject matter that McKay writes about is confrontational. Even if McKay used classical poetry techniques to write â€Å"If We Must Die†. McKay used the poetry technique of the sonnet by using the 13 lines and 1 last line in the end. In â€Å"If We Must Die† McKay uses rhymes, and metaphors to associate and personify the poem. Using these techniques the audience can identify with the writer and the poem itself. The poem at first seems to have been written for a black audience but then it grew tremendously for a wider universal audience. This poem spoke to anyone and everyone who was being oppressed or in a situation that they weren’t in control of. This poem was for anyone who is or was put to death. This poem showed that everyone deserves a noble death, a death of honor and respect not to be beaten and treated like an animal but like a human being. â€Å"If We Must Die† was first published in the Liberator in 1919. Then in his compilation of poetry Harlem Shadows in 1922. Where already the world war had ended. It was one of the very first p oems that initiated the tone, subject and matter of the Harlem Renaissance. The poem is revolutionary, it’s the type of poem that makes people think and take action. He made the reader feel important and recognized the value of a human life. McKay believed part of the poets job is to politically inform the minds of people. Leading to the influence of such people as Amiri Baraka, starting the Black Arts Movement. The poem itself is a validation, r... ...Must Die† made the reader, a human being feel important. Instead of seeing yourself as lower than dirt, adapting the mind of the oppressed and not fighting back. We must not sit around while horrendous things happen in our society. If we want a change we have to do it ourselves. â€Å"Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back.† If We Must Die If we must die, let it not be like hogs Hunted and penned in an inglorious spot, While round us bark the mad and hungry dogs, Making their mock at our accursed lot. If we must die, O let us nobly die, So that our precious blood may not be shed In vain; then even the monsters we defy Shall be constrained to honor us though dead! O kinsmen! we must meet the common foe! Though far outnumbered let us show us brave, And for their thousand blows deal one deathblow! What though before us lies the open grave? Like men we'll face the murderous, cowardly pack, Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back! Bibliography WORKS CITED - Arno â€Å"A long way home†[1937] New York Times 1969 - Barros, Paul De â€Å"The Loud Music Of life’: Representations of Jazz In the Novels of Claude McKay.† Antioch Review, Summer 1999. - Claude McKay (1890-1948) March 26, 2000

Borderline Personality Disorder Essay -- Psychology

Literature Review Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) can be described in simple terms as a condition in which sufferers experience long periods of emotional instability and troubled feelings about themselves and other people. These troubled feelings allow individuals to take impulsive measures and have trouble in their relationships (Bouchard, Sabourin, Lussier & Villeneuve, 2009). BPD basically comprises of unusual intensities of instability in mood and irrational thinking also referred to as splitting. Splitting in BPD involves a switch between negative perception of others and idealization (Sperry, 2003). This usually occurs along with irregular mood swings and can negatively impact on the existing relationships such as family, co-workers and friends (Abela, Skitch, Auerbach & Adams, 2005). This disorder manifests itself in a number of ways. Persons suffering from this disorder may demonstrate episodes of intense hatred and dislike and idealization in addition to chaotic personal and interperson al relationships (Bouchard, Sabourin, Lussier & Villeneuve, 2009). Sufferers may also be supportive of others and nurture them well hoping that these people will always be there for them and will satisfy all their demands. These people may also demonstrate unstable self-image, inappropriate behavior, and lack of self identity (Sperry, 2003). The sense of self of a person is usually totally impacted on. The psychological disturbance associated with this disorder, especially the one involving the sense of self of a person, may result in long episodes of dissociation (Ebner-Priemer et al. 2009). In the past, BPD was believed to be a set of symptoms between problems associated with mood and schizophrenia. These symptoms were believed... ...resulting in fear and arousal (Schmahl, Berne, Krause, Kleindienst, Valerius, Vermetten & Bohus, 2009). The work of dampening this arousal is carried out by the pre-frontal region of the brain. Brain imaging has revealed that personal differences in the capacity to activate areas of the prefrontal cerebral cortex, which is believed to activate inhibitory responses, predict the capacity to repress negative feelings (Williams Sidis, Gordon & Meares, 2006). Acetylcholine and norepinephrine in addition to serotonin are the main neurotransmitters in the circuit involved in the regulation of emotions. Imbalance of these neurotransmitters in conjunction with increased GABA activity is believed to have the capacity to result in intense mood swings similar to those of borderline personality disorder (Schmahl, Berne, Krause, Kleindienst, Valerius, Vermetten & Bohus, 2009).

HK study guide

Distinguish between viruses, bacteria, ricketiest, fungi, parasites, and prisons. 2. Viruses: RNA or DNA. Obligate intracellular parasites. Seek â€Å"permissive cells to infect. Some strains have shown periodic changes by have mutations and forming new strands; Require a tissue culture In order to grow; Consist of RNA or DNA In a protective globetrotting coat; Influenza – Dengue Fever ? carried by mosquito SST. Louis encephalitis virus – carried by mosquito HIVE Hepatitis – Makes skin a yellow tint; can get from tattoos and has a long term risk of lung cancer (type C) RhinocerosMeasles Norwalk virus – highly infective and can ruin Cruise ship vacations Rabies – transmitted in animal and human fluid and tissues and usually cause from an animal bit that opens the skin of a human; get anti-vaccine once bit Bola – transmitted in animal and human fluid and tissues Herpes – DNA virus; can be given antibiotics to try to fight It; Chickenpox – DNA virus Smallpox – DNA virus 3. Bacteria: free-living organisms capable of reproduction If needs are not met: nutrients, environment (e. G. Temp, aerobic/anaerobic) susceptible host (compromised immune defenses).Categorized by shape: cuscus (stash, strep, concusses, pneumatics), bacilli (tetanus, botulism), spirochetes (syphilis, Boreal, Gram+ bacteria retain the purplish stain); prokaryotic & the smallest free-living forms Staphylococcus – Streptococcus Concusses – SIT that affects mucus membranes in urethra and creates discharge and burning through urethra; cultures can show negative even when it is positive; can give children eye Infections at birth Tuberculosis – lung disorder that causes the mouth; destroys cartilage Chlamydia – get In cells but respond to antibiotics Pneumatics IncongruousClamatorial tenant – rod shaped Botulism – rod-shaped; a neurotic also used in medicine Perplexing – bacilli; gangrene Hemo philia influenza – bacillus that causes respiratory infections Bacillus anthracic – causes skin lesions and lung infections Salmonella – food poisoning Comparable – food poisoning E. Coli 01 57:HA – food poisoning; Mycobacterium tuberculosis – slow growing lung disease acquired from the air-born spread of rod-shaped bacteria that are affected by host Trepanned – spiral shaped bacteria that causes syphilis Boreal burglarproofed – spiral shaped and is carried by a tick that causes LimeTine piped – athlete's foot (foot fungus); also know as ringworm but not from a worm Tine crisis – affects the groin Candida Albanians – yeasts in the vagina (vaginas), mouth & bloodstream Pneumatics caring – one of the most common infections in AIDS patients Valley Fever – bumps on face; from mosquito in SW USA; sadomasochism's 5. Parasites: complex multiplied & single celled organisms. Ameba's, Guardia, hookworm, scriptorium's inhabit unsanitary water.Schistose, malaria plasmid, folia, noncommercial's & transportations organisms utilize other creates to omelet their lifestyles Mites Lice Plasmid follicular – causes malaria; vector is an anopheles mosquito that is the most dangerous of parasites Schistose – worms that infect the liver and bladder from a snail Tapeworm – acquired from pork or beef Hookworm – acquired from soil Circumscription – waterborne; outbreak in Milwaukee in 1993 sickened 400,000 with 100 deaths Guardia – intestinal parasite acquired from rivers and streams Pedicurists pubis – the crab louse that is from a sexually transmitted disease Repressiveness – parasite in the rivers that use vectors 6.Prisons – Abnormally folded proteins that lack nucleic acids; Prisoner's 1997 Nobel Prize postulated prisons as the etiology of several encephalopathy's; Mad-cow disease Koru – affected the tribes from eating peo ple; peoples brains began to look like a sponge and caused a shivering sickness unprecedented-Jacob disease scrappier in sheep – sheep given a food called offal that had a protein-rich substance that allowed the sheep to grow quickly and caused the death of several; could be a vaccine for dementia and Alchemist's disease if found wasting diseases in deer and mink 7. Distinguish between humeral and cellular immunity. What are the functions of â€Å"B† (Plasma Cells) and â€Å"T† lymphocytes? What are Mussolini's such as Gig and IGMP? 8. Vaccines exist for a number of child hoof diseases. What are these? Which are viruses and which are bacteria? 9. Describe the stages of infection. Generalized symptoms include fever, malign, rash, paraphrasing, lymphocyte's, photographic. What are the public health implications of â€Å"carrier states† in diseases such as herpes, HIVE/AIDS, typhoid, TAB, Bola. 10. Why is it so difficult to develop effective vaccines for: ma larial, sadomasochists, HIVE? 1 1 .The sexually transmitted diseases (SST) have preventatives from nearly all of the agents discussed in class. List Studs which are viruses, bacteria, fungi, multiplied parasites. 12. Major factors which amplify epidemics: poor sanitation, poverty, high density populations, malnutrition, compromised immune responses, conflict (resulting in many displaced and wounded victims), environmental changes which favor reproduction of vectors such as insects or rodents, antigenic variation (the organism changes), behavior of the hosts (sexual contacts, unsanitary medical procedures, contaminated injections of illicit drugs, improperly treated infections).

Solenoids – Physics coursework

Solenoids Permanent Magnet- Magnetic Field.http://www.diracdelta.co.uk/science/source/m/a/magnetic%20field/source.html Magnets have two poles called North and South.Similar (like) magnetic poles repel. Unlike magnetic poles attract. A magnet attracts a piece of iron. The most important of the two properties of attraction and repulsion is repulsion. The only way to tell if an object is magnetised is to see if it repels another magnetised object. The strength and direction of a magnetic field is represented by magnetic field lines. Field lines by convention go from North to South. A magnetic field is three-dimensional, although this is not often seen on a drawing of magnetic field lines.Electromagnets A magnetic field exists around all wires carrying a current. When there is no current the compass needles in the diagram shown line up with the Earth's magnetic field. A current through the wire produces a circular magnetic field. See what happens when there is a current in the wire. The magnetic field for a coil of wire is shown below. The magnetic fields from each of the turns in the coil add together, so the total magnetic field is much stronger. This produces a field which is similar to that of a bar magnet. A coil of wire like this is often called a solenoid.http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/standard/physics/using_electricity/movement_from_electricity/revision/1/slideshow-1/2/An electromagnet consists of a coil of wine, through which a current can be passed, wrapped around a soft iron core. This core of magnetic material increases the strength of the field due to the coil. ‘Soft’ iron is easily magnetised, and easy to demagnetise- it does not retain its magnetism after the current is switched off. Steel, on the other hand, is hard to magnetise and demagnetise, and so it retains in magnetism. It is used for permanent magnets. The strength of an electromagnet depends on:The size of the current flowing through the coil The number of turns in the coil The material inside of the coil Heinmann physics Domains – http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/ferro.html#c4Ferromagnetic materials exhibit a long-range ordering phenomenon at the atomic level which causes the unpaired electron spins to line up parallel with each other in a region called a domain. Within the domain, the magnetic field is intense, but in a bulk sample the material will usually be unmagnetized because the many domains will themselves be randomly oriented with respect to one another. The main implication of the domains is that there is already a high degree of magnetization in ferromagnetic materials within individual domains, but that in the absence of external magnetic fields those domains are randomly oriented. A modest applied magnetic field can cause a larger degree of alignment of the magnetic moments with the external field, giving a large multiplication of the applied field.FerromagnetismIron, nickel, cobalt and some of the rare earths (gadolin ium, dysprosium) exhibit a unique magnetic behavior which is called ferromagnetism because iron (ferrum in Latin) is the most common and most dramatic example.

Child Development Developmental Theorists Essay

Developmental Theorist, like Pigged, Goldberg, and Freud, n tot only grant parents the opportunity to be the finest parent they could be, their theories al low caretakers to analyze the benefits and consequences of using diverse methods. Living from 1856 to 1 939, Sigmund Freud became the building block in which other developmental theorists came to follow. Producing an idea that the unconscious us mind is the source of motivations, just like an iceberg, he theorized how the three structure oral components of he id, ego, and superego occur within the mind at different stages.The id, pr sent at birth, directs the need for gratification and tries to fulfill what is placekicking. The e ego is formed with day to day reality, predicting the probable outcomes of behavioral choice s. Lastly, the superego creates the internal interpretation of the rules and values of the envy reorient. In my cousin, who is currently five years old, the id and ego are evident. When she w as younger, she ate h andful after handful of candy. As her fourth year dawned, she realized the at if she ate too Unguent 2 much candy, she would get in trouble by her parents.Nonetheless, popular AR segments are shown contradict Fraud's beliefs, like when, Simply Psychology stated that the reason s of â€Å"Fraud's theory is unfeasible it can neither be proved true or refuted. For example, t he unconscious mind is difficult to test and measure objectively. Overall, Fraud's theory is high holy unscientific† (McLeod). Many also see that Sigmund ignored crucial details that did not fit h is ideas. Although several rebuked his view, Sigmund Freud has a line of supporters. He attracted d so many lowers that the Vienna psychoanalytic Society was established in 1908.I dir exactly believe that Freud shaped the the thinking of child development as we know it. Day to day examples prove that Fraud's theory holds true. Daily lives are transformed in new pathways as a child grows older. Not only did Freud de velop a basic structural model of child developed NT, he allowed Pigged to build off of his theory. Born in 1896 and living until 1980, psychologist Jean Piglet's interest was base d on the reasons a child gave wrong answers on questions that involved logical thinking , comparing and contrasting the mind of the adult and the child.From there, he developed the cognitive development theory. According to Cosmologically. Com, Pigged concluded t hat â€Å"children are born with a very basic mental structure (genetically inherited and evolved) on which all subsequent learning and knowledge is based† (McLeod). He also came to the conclusion that two processes are essential for development, assimilation and accommodation. A assimilation is learning to understand events or objects based on existing structure. Com imitation means the expansion Of understanding as new information gets absorbed. With different stages, the child develops into an adult.The stages are comprised of seniority (birth to two o years), operational (two to seven years), concrete operational (seven to eleven ye ears), and formal Unguent 3 operations (eleven years and beyond) (McLeod). The game peek-a-boo is a type cal example of Piglets concept. The child has no clue that a person's face is hiding behind the e hands and acts genuinely surprised every time that person's face is revealed. This is the sense rainstorm stage. As the child grows, the child realized that he or she has â€Å"the ability to coordinate his motor activities to solve this problem.Eventually he will use his hands to move yours in an beef rot to expose your face, but until that time a lack of object permanence makes peek-a-boo fun† (â€Å"P gadget†). Even though Pigged came up with a very influential theory, some researchers dispel eve of Piglet's theory. They believe that he failed to â€Å"consider the effect that the social setting g and culture may have on cognitive development† (McLeod). In addit ion, according to Simply As ecology, â€Å"others have queried the age ranges of the stages. Some studies have shown that pro egress to the formal operational stage is not guaranteed† (McLeod).Many others have strong pop session to Pigged for other various reasons. However, Pigged did not have all criticism to his theory. In education, teachers are able to communicate and understand chi lilied. Researchers count nine to expand upon Piglet's ideas to increase knowledge on cognitive development. Personally, I a Greer with Piglet's approach to parenting because it allows adults to grasp how a child grows up ND have prime communication with their children. Hence, Pigged developed the Cognitive De velveteen Theory in how a child's mind evolves, but Viscosity took a different approach to parent ting.As a Russian psychologist, Level Viscosity lived from 1896 to 1934, building the concept of the Coloratura Theory. The Socio Trial Theory is based off the way a chi lid's learning patte rns morph, as a result of the interaction between children and their socio al environment. By scaffolding or assistance in a child's learning, â€Å"the child does not simply acacia re new knowledge but actually makes progress in his or her development† (â€Å"Viscosity In addition, he Unguent 4 believed that mental tools extend a child's ability to solve problems and create e solutions in the modern world.For instance, pretending to be a chef in the real world is a Quinn distances of a child trying to imitate their parents, extending their knowledge and progressing the IR creativity. Opposition to Level Bigotry's view consists of his belief that it applies to all CUL turns. To illustrate this, Oregon, who lived in 1 990, â€Å"dismisses the idea that Bigotry's id as are culturally universal and instead states the concept of scaffolding which is heavily depend dent on verbal instruction may not be equally useful in all cultures for all types of learning† ( McLeod). Or contradict this, many classroom teachers have used scaffolding as both teach err and student collaborate in practicing summarizing, questioning, paraphrasing, and predict inning. As the student becomes more advanced, the teacher's role lessens over time (McLeod). I affair m this theorists because he offered a new outlook on how parenting should be done. Children n need guidance to earn, not helicopter parents that are trying to constantly make their kids beet err directly.Level Viscosity is an exemplar of an approach to parenting that has become extreme Ely influential to society. Through their diverse methods, developmental theorists have created an aid to how a parent should raise child. Basically, I have learned that theorists have category zed the levels of development and other theorists expand beyond their ideas. Throughout my research, grasped that though different theorists have approaches, they all lead back to one thin g: a parent gives the hill all they learn and the way they develop.

Apush Midterm Review Essay

A. All classes will have the Causes and Effects of the Mexican War, which has been discussed in class. B. All classes will have 2 choices for their second essay. 1. One possibility for Essay #2 is Causes and Effects of the French and Indian War. This essay should be structured in 4 paragraphs. The first paragraph includes background info leading up to the conflict and your thesis statement. Paragraphs 2 and 3 discuss the causes and effects and paragraph 4 is your conclusion- what happens next (Revolutionary War). It is a good idea to reiterate your thesis statement as well. 2. Another possibility is the Causes and Effects of the Revolutionary War. This essay should be structured in four paragraphs as well. The first paragraph should include background info (such as French and Indian War, end of Salutary Neglect) and your thesis statement. One paragraph should discuss causes and one effects. Your fourth paragraph is your conclusion – what happens next. 3. Another possibility is the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. Paragraph one should discuss what happened briefly before the A of C and your thesis statement. Paragraph two, the strengths (3 that we discussed: brought the country together for the first time, negotiated the end of the Revolutionary War, and the Land Ordinances) and Paragraph 3 the weaknesses (among many- the lack of power to tax, only one branch etc.). Paragraph 4, your conclusion and what happens next (Constitutional Convention). 4. Another possibility is Causes and Effects of the War of 1812. First paragraph is background info and thesis statement. Paragraph 2 is the Causes (impressment, arming Native Americans in the Old Northwest etc.) and Paragraph 3, the Effects (huge surge of nationalism, National anthem written etc.). Paragraph 4 is your conclusion and what happens next. 5. Another possibility is to discuss the reforms that came out of the Second Great Awakening. This essay can be 4 or 5 paragraphs depending upon how you discuss the reforms. Your first paragraph will discuss background info and thesis statement. The next 2 or 3 paragraphs should discuss the 5 major reforms: abolition of slavery, educational reforms, mental health reform, temperance, and woman’s rights. These paragraphs should include reforms made and the people involved (for instance- Dorothea Dix with mental health). Also discuss whether the reforms actually were realized or just set up change for the future. Last paragraph should be your conclusion and what happens next. 6. The last possibility is to discuss the Marshall Court and the Taney Court. The first paragraph should have background information; such as John Jay was first Chief Justice, and your thesis statement. Paragraphs 2 and 3 should discuss the Marshall Court and the Taney Court: how they ruled (strong central government for Marshall, state’s rights for Taney etc.), examples of court cases (Marbury v. Madison, Dred Scott decision- give a minimum of 3 cases for Marshall and 2 for Taney). Paragraph 4 should be your conclusion and what happens next. Your essays need to give specific factual information and be well structured to get full credit. Stay on topic- show your knowledge of the time period right before the question at hand and what happens as a result of the events discussed. You will not be penalized for spelling errors since this is an in -class writing, but essays should make sense and flow.

Constitutional Conventions. Should Conventions Be Made Into Laws Essay

Constitutional Conventions. Should Conventions Be Made Into Laws - Essay Example These are the nations which follow the Westminster system of government, common in the Commonwealth Nations. The constitutional conventions often distribute the powers between the head of the state and the head of the government making the head of the state a ceremonial post. For example in the Indian subcontinent (Present India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh) the constitution is based on the Govt. of India Act 1935 which was formulated by the British legislators, the additions to the act are made in the form of constitutional conventions and the affairs of government in these states are being run by these constitutional conventions. There are other constitutional conventions which operate alongside written constitutions. In Britain there are many constitutional conventions which have been made into laws. Still there is a marked difference between Laws and Constitutional Conventions. According to Dicey [1883] laws are the set of rules which are enforced by the courts while const itutional conventions are those set of rules which are not actually enforced by the courts and are merely are the habits and practices of people in certain offices of the state. According to Hood Phillips â€Å"constitutional conventions are rules of practices which are regarded as binding by those to whom they apply but which are not laws because they are not enforced by the courts and parliament†. L.B. ... The traditions and practices which are followed by certain governmental procedurals over large periods of time are considered as informal rules and are made constitutional conventions. According to one perception the English constitution drifted from the monarchical system to parliamentary system by way of constitutional convention. The ultimate object of most of the conventions is that the affairs of public interest should be conducted in accordance with the wishes of the majority of the electorates. The origin of constitutional conventions also takes place when certain authorities try to exercise power which is actually not prohibited by law but a certain opposition is aroused against that exercise of power and the opposition is of such an extent that the same action cannot be taken in future and the opposition marks an end to that practice. In such a scenario the certain practices which are not actually forbidden by law becomes forbidden under the constitutional conventions. Const itutional conventions automatically assume the role of constitutional amendments as the legislators and the government starts following them. But the constitutional conventions are not enforced by the courts of law because sometimes these are in conflict with the legal rules and the courts are bound to enforce the legal rules and not the constitutional conventions. On an occasion the British Supreme court has ruled out the possibility of the constitutional conventions to be enforced as laws no matter how well-established and universally accepted they may be because there are instances when there is clash between the constitutional convention and a present law. The only way

Changing Context of Workforce Planning and Labour Market Change Research Paper

Changing Context of Workforce Planning and Labour Market Change - Research Paper Example The report indicates that the LFS essentially tracks two different types of teleworkers, including those working in their premises and those working in particular places like on the train, at their client’s homes, or in the cars. However, all the two types of teleworking services use the home comfort as their primary setups. In 2005, the majority of teleworkers worked in several places but used the home as their center. The number represents a whopping 1.8 million out of a total 2.4 million. These figures just demonstrate how the labor market is vigorously shifting from the more demanding contractual basis to the less critical self-employment context. There are several factors central to the sudden change in the labor market context. The first primary aspect is the advancement in technology. The new skills and equipment have revolutionized and redefined the entire workforce because it has brought a range of capabilities that were initially far-fetched. For example, in the case study, the rise of computers and telephones has changed the game because it has made work easier for builders. They can efficiently execute particular duties at home and at the same time communicate with clients. This scenario contrasts the traditional white-collar-job setup that requires an employee to link remotely with the employer. Apart from technology, several other reasons perhaps drive employees away from the customary right jobs, hence making home based work more appealing and convenient. First, some contracts are not guaranteed.

APPLE INCORPORATED Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

APPLE INCORPORATED - Essay Example Liquidity Ratio Initially, the liquidity ratio for Apple needs to be evaluated. This ratio determines the company’s capacity to pay short-term debts2 The formula for calculating the liquidity ratio is current assets divided by current liabilities. 2010 (in USD) (numbers in thousands) 2009 (in USD) (numbers in thousands) Current Assets 43,927,000 31,555,000 Current Liabilities 23,795,000 11,506,000 Liquidity Ratio 1.84 2.74 Working Capital 20,132,000 20,049,000 In the above table, working capital has also been calculated which has been obtained by subtracting current assets by current liabilities. The table depicts that Apple Inc has positive working capital and this shows that Apple has the capability to pay their debts3 Debt-to-Equity Ratio 2010 (in USD) (numbers in thousands) 2009 (in USD) (numbers in thousands) Total Liabilities 32,076,000 15,861,000 Shareholders’ Equity 54,666,000 31,640,000 Debt to Equity Ratio 0.58 0.50 When there is high debt to equity ratio, it generally indicates high amount of debt utilised by the company in order to finance its operation. It is evident from the above result that Apple has low debt to equity ratio and thereby its assets are financed by means of shareholders equity instead of long term debts4 Net Profit Margin Ratio 2010 (September) (in USD) (numbers in thousands) 2009 (September) (in USD) (numbers in thousands) Net Income 14,013,000 8,235,000 Net Sales 65,225,000 42,905,000 Net profit Margin Ratio 21% 19% A strong net profit margin is one factor that can effectively control the cost of the organisation and show the operational efficiency. It has been found that there has been significant improvement in the net profit margin ratio of Apple in comparison... The intention of this study is Apple Inc that was previously known as Apple Computers. It is a multinational corporation with its headquarters in United States of America. The main business of the company has been to market and create consumer electronics, personal computers and to market consumer electronics. The company has four main divisions in which the company operates. It had been reorganised in the year 1988 as Apple USA, Apple Europe along with Apple Pacific and Apple Products. The various strategic business units of the company are portable digital music players, media devices, peripherals, third-party digital contents as well as applications. Its numerous products and services consist of Macintosh Computers, iPads, iPhones, iPod, Apple, Xserve and Apple TV, service as well as support systems. It can be stated that Apple Inc has been capable of achieving great success since last few years because of the methods and the procedures used for marketing its products. In addition to these, the company’s strategy also consist of expansion of its distribution channels so that it can reach more and more number of customers effectively and therefore provide the customers with goods which are of high quality and also offer after-sales services to them. Apple Inc. received great success from numerous products such as iPhones, iPods as well as iTunes. The communication strategy followed by the company is quite simple, clear, clever and sober. It makes use of TV advertisements, prints advertisements as well as online advertisements in order to lure the customers

WEEK 8 470 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

WEEK 8 470 - Essay Example It is astonishing to know that the GDP of the world’s 47 poorest countries (approximately 570 million people) is far less when compared to the combined wealth of the world’s top ten wealthiest people.(Kroll, 2007).This wide gap can be bridged by strengthening the purchasing powers of the affected countries. According to Jack another area to tackle would be writing off debts owed by the poorest of countries. This would in essence enable the country to concentrate her resources to feeding her people and to put measures in place to curb poverty. On the same point Jill proposed technological assistance to the poorest countries. With improved technology and better farming practices, the yield per acre can go up to five-fold the current production rate. Another proposal by Jill to increase loans and funding to poorer countries was opposed by Joe. His reasoning was that giving loans without monitoring the money was in itself an act of futility. Indeed the poorest nations also ranked very high in corruption index. Controlled grants are so far the most viable solution in financial

Report of investing in London office market Essay

Report of investing in London office market - Essay Example fully analyse different elements influencing the market before investing in it in order to make sure that the investment is profitable in long run (Ball, Lizieri, and MacGregor, 1998). For this purpose, the economic, political, institutional, social, legal, and many other factors are explored and investigated to understand and comprehend the future implications for the London office market. Apart from this the supply and demand and other important elements like property planning and pipeline projects with reference to the different regions and breakup of the overall London office market have been explored and analysed in order to get better understanding of the overall market and industry. London is considered as major financial hub not only of UK where major business giants are operating their businesses. It is considered as one of the command sector of the global economy. This feature of London makes it more appealing city for foreign investors. London economy can be best measured through Gross value added (GVA) which demonstrates the contribution of not only individual industries or sectors but also the individual producers present and working in the boundaries of London. The GVA also measured the income generated from employment by production of goods and services. The latest data of Gross value added produced by ONS in December 2011, London contributed 21% of the whole UK and per head which is around  £35,026 (more than  £15,000 than UK average) in 2010 (The Guardian, 2012). According to the research conducted by the city group, London is likely to have more GDP than any other city in the world from by 2025 due to its exceptional growing financial service. Currently it is the one of the tenth largest GDP contributor in the world in term of US dollar. A recent research conducting for London offices shows that almost 60% of the commercial property investment in central London was made by foreign investors from 27 countries in 2011 which is considered as

ASCE INFRASTRUCTURE REPORT CARD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ASCE INFRASTRUCTURE REPORT CARD - Essay Example All through the 20th Century, the nation’s leaders imagined large scale infrastructure plans that stirred the public and added to unprecedented financial growth. Much of that infrastructure is approaching the ending of its design life, and there are increasing problems with worsening across all public infrastructures. In order to build an infrastructure to serve the desires of the new century, there must be bold leadership and a convincing vision. We have to be certain to maintain and preserve the foundations that previous generations have set up for us. A new overarching advance is desired. The approval of the State’s surface transportation is an outstanding place to begin. From the above assertions, I believe that the consent is supposed to spotlight on four goals for the surface transportation: Sustainability, resiliency, and ongoing upholding must be an essential part of improving the state’s face transportation system. Since infrastructure is built or transformed, life-cycle cost analysis is supposed be performed to account for early construction, running, preservation, environmental, safety, as well as other costs sensibly expected during the life of the project, like as recovery before disruption by or manmade hazards or

TFYJUTG Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

TFYJUTG - Essay Example military buildup was intensified at the Persian Gulf. During this time, President Bush, other top U.S. officials and British Prime Minister Tony Blair were continually indicating that Iraq were not willing to offer full corporation with U.N. weapons inspectors, even when top world leaders from France, Germany and Russia called for more time for the exercise. Bush Administration intensified its allegation of the Iraq’s alleged weapons of mass destruction after the September 11, 2001 terror attacks. Bush named Iraq, Iran and North Korea as evil nations in his State of Union address in 2002. The vice president Cheney also accused Saddam Hussein of seeking weapons of mass destruction as an avenue of dominating Middle East and to threat the U.S. oil supplies. The allegations fueled speculations of the likability of the U.S. to act unilaterally against Iraq. The United States invasion of IRAQ was not justified because there is no evidence that IRAQ has Weapons of Mass Destruction, c omplicity in the 9/11 attacks, and or al –Qaeda connection. The root of conflict between U.S. and Iraq is the firm position of the U.S. especially under Bush Administration that Saddam must be toppled since he cannot be deterred from using weapons of mass destruction. ... Explanations from oil, imperialism, militarism, Israel and free markets have been offered, some of which are mutually exclusive, and all seems to enlighten more than they satisfy the human need for simplification. The reality behind the war may seem complex but is decidedly explicable. Iraq had multiple causes of war, thus one do not have top subscribe to an inscrutable force without agents to accept that the phenomenon was complicated. Key factors of the invasion were not driven by the same motives nor did the decisions reached simultaneously. The war was prosecuted by President Bush, Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld, but it was conceived by the neoconservatives. It is clear that the September 11, 2001 attack was the catalyst, which was triggered by the neoconservatives. The neoconservatives’ interest s of toppling Iraq preceded that of the U.S. Moreover, change of regime has been official policy of the U.S. since 1998 and even for a longer time. However, this can be understoo d to be diplomatic pressure, convert action and economic strangulation, and not for the reason of threat of nuclear weapons (Roe 11). The foreign policy study groups, the Vulcans, headed by Condoleezza Rice argued that the military power of Iraq had weakened and thus United States can live with a nuclear Iraq. The change of the mood can be partly explained by the September 11. However, this does not make the war inevitable since there was the need to manipulate the public opinion as well as the bureaucratic hurdles to overcome. Iraq was only required to put on the agenda as an imminent threat to justify the pre-emptive war. This is why the allegations of Iraq’s ties to Al-Qaeda and its possession of weapons of mass